Plants and animals will find it difficult to escape

Plants and animals will find it difficult to escape

Đề bài: Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions

Plants and animals will find it difficult to escape from or adjust to the effects of global warming. Scientists have already observed shifts in the lifecycles of many plants and animals, such as flowers blooming earlier and birds hatching earlier in the spring. Many species have begun shifting where they live or their annual migration patterns due to warmer temperatures.With further warming, animals will tend to migrate toward the poles and up mountainsides toward higher elevations. Plants will also attempt to shift their ranges, seeking new areas as old habitats grow too warm. In many places, however, human development will prevent these shifts. Species that find cities or farmland blocking their way north or south may become extinct. Species living in unique ecosystems, such as those found in polar and mountaintop regions, are especially at risk because migration to new habitats is not possible. For example, polar bears and marine mammals in the Arctic are already threatened by dwindling sea ice but have nowhere farther north to go.Projecting species extinction due to global warming is extremely difficult. Some scientists have estimated that 20 to 50 percent of species could be committed to extinction with 2 to 3 Celsius degrees of further warming. The rate of warming, not just the magnitude, is extremely important for plants and animals. Some species and even entire ecosystems, such as certain types of forest, may not be able to adjust quickly enough and may disappear. Ocean ecosystems, especially fragile ones like coral reefs, will also be affected by global warming. Warmer ocean temperatures can cause coral to “bleach”, a state which if prolonged will lead to the death of the coral. Scientists estimate that even 1 Celsius degree of additional warming could lead to widespread bleaching and death of coral reefs around the world. Also, increasing carbon dioxide in the atmosphere enters the ocean and increases the acidity of ocean waters. This acidification further stresses ocean ecosystems.

Câu 1: Scientists have observed that warmer temperatures in the spring cause flowers to ______.

A. die instantly

B. bloom earlier

C. become lighter

D. lose color

Câu 2: According to paragraph 2, when their habitats grow warmer, animals tend to move ______.

A. south-eastwards and down mountainsides toward lower elevations

B. north-westwards and up mountainsides toward higher elevations

C. toward the North Pole and down mountainsides toward lower elevations

D. toward the poles and up mountainsides toward higher elevations

Câu 3: The pronoun “those” in paragraph 2 refers to ______.

A. species

B. ecosystems

C. habitats

D. areas

Câu 4: The phrase “dwindling sea ice” in paragraph 2 refers to ______.

A. the frozen water in the Arctic

B. the violent Arctic Ocean

C. the melting ice in the Arctic

D. the cold ice in the Arctic

Câu 5: It is mentioned in the passage that if the global temperature rose by 2 or 3 Celsius degrees, ______.

A. half of the earth’s surface would be flooded

B. the sea level would rise by 20 centimeters

C. water supply would decrease by 50 percent

D. 20 to 50 percent of species could become extinct

Câu 6: According to the passage, if some species are not able to adjust quickly to warmer temperatures, ______.

A. they may be endangered

B. they can begin to develop

C. they will certainly need water

D. they move to tropical forests

Câu 7: The word “fragile” in paragraph 4 most probably means ______.

A. very large

B. easily damaged

C. rather strong

D. pretty hard

Câu 8: The bleaching of coral reefs as mentioned in paragraph 4 indicates ______.

A. the water absorption of coral reefs

B. the quick growth of marine mammals

C. the blooming phase of sea weeds

D. the slow death of coral reefs

Câu 9: The level of acidity in the ocean is increased by ______.

A. the rising amount of carbon dioxide entering the ocean

B. the decrease of acidity of the pole waters

C. the extinction of species in coastal areas

D. the loss of acidity in the atmosphere around the earth

Câu 10: What does the passage mainly discuss?

A. Influence of climate changes on human lifestyles

B. Effects of global warming on animals and plants

C. Global warming and possible solutions

D. Global warming and species migration

Lời giải:

Đáp án:

Giải thích:

1. Thông tin: Plants and animals will find it difficult to escape from or adjust to the effects of global warming. Scientists have already observed shifts in the lifecycles of many plants and animals, such as flowers blooming earlier ............ in the spring. (Thực vật và động vật sẽ khó thoát khỏi hoặc thích nghi với tác động của sự nóng lên toàn cầu. Các nhà khoa học đã quan sát thấy sự thay đổi trong vòng đời của nhiều loài thực vật và động vật, chẳng hạn như hoa nở sớm hơn vào mùa xuân.)

2. Thông tin: With further warming, animals will tend to migrate toward the poles and up mountainsides toward higher elevations. (Với sự nóng lên hơn nữa, động vật sẽ có xu hướng di cư về phía các cực và lên các sườn núi hướng tới các độ cao cao hơn.)

3. Vế trước của câu có chủ ngữ là “species”, nên “those” ở đây chỉ species.

4. dwindling sea ice = tan băng

5. Thông tin: Some scientists have estimated that 20 to 50 percent of species could be committed to extinction with 2 to 3 Celsius degrees of further warming. (Một số nhà khoa học đã ước tính rằng 20 đến 50 phần trăm các loài có thể bị tuyệt chủng nếu nhiệt độ tăng thêm từ 2 đến 3 độ C.)

6. Thông tin: Some species and even entire ecosystems, such as certain types of forest, may not be able to adjust quickly enough and may disappear. (Một số loài và thậm chí toàn bộ hệ sinh thái, chẳng hạn như một số loại rừng, có thể không điều chỉnh đủ nhanh và có thể biến mất.)

7. fragile = mỏng manh, dễ vỡ

8. Thông tin: Warmer ocean temperatures can cause coral to “bleach”, a state which if prolonged will lead to the death of the coral. (Nhiệt độ đại dương ấm hơn có thể khiến san hô bị “tẩy trắng”, tình trạng này nếu kéo dài sẽ dẫn đến cái chết của san hô.)

9. Thông tin: Also, increasing carbon dioxide in the atmosphere enters the ocean and increases the acidity of ocean waters. (Ngoài ra, việc tăng lượng khí carbon dioxide trong khí quyển đi vào đại dương và làm tăng tính axit của nước biển.)

10. Đoạn văn chủ yếu thảo luận về Ảnh hưởng của biến đổi khí hậu đối với lối sống của con người.