Birds have evolved many physical attributes

Birds have evolved many physical attributes

Đề bài: Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.             

Birds have evolved many physical attributes that contribute to their flying ability. Wings are important, but adjustable tails, large hearts and light bones play critical roles. To fly, birds, like airplanes, move air across their wings. Wings are designed so that air above the wings is forced to move faster than air below the wing. This creates higher pressure under the wings, called lift, which pushes the bird up. Different wing types evolved for different ways of flying. Prolonged flight requires long wings and an ability to soar. Other birds need superior maneuverability. Finches and sparrows have short, broad wings. Faster birds, like hawks, have built-in spoilers that reduce turbulence while flying. This allows a steeper angle of attack without stalling.             

Tails have evolved for specialized use. The tail acts like a rudder helping birds steer. Birds brake by spreading out their tails as they land. This adaptation allows them to make sudden, controlled stops-an essential skill, since most birds need to land on individual branches or on prey.             

Flight takes muscle strength. If body builders has wings, they still could not flap hard enough to leave the ground. Birds have large, specialized hearts that beat much faster than the human heart and provide the necessary oxygen to the muscles. The breast muscle accounts for 15 percent of the bird’s body weight. On pigeons, it accounts for a third of their total body weight.           

Birds carry no excess baggage; they have hollow feathers and hollow bones with struts inside to maintain strength, like cross beams in a bridge. Birds fly to find prey, escape predators, and attract mates-in other words, to survive.

Câu 1: What does the author imply about the body builders having wings?

A. If they flapped their wings, they could fly a little.            

B. If they had wings, their muscles would be strong enough for flight.

C. If they had wings, their hearts would still not be large for flight.      

D. Their wings would total 15 percent of their body weight.

Câu 2: What is the main idea of the passage?

A. Wings are the most important physical attribute of birds.     

B. Different wing styles evolved for different types of flight.

C. Birds have many specialized features that aid in their survival.                                        

D. Birds fly for many reasons.

Câu 3: According to the passage, what causes birds to rise when they start flying?

A. Long wings with hollow feathers  

B. Higher air pressure below than above the wings

C. Spreading out their tails              

D. Superior muscle strength

Câu 4: The phrase “finches and sparrows” in paragraph 2 refers to_________.

A. wings                                 

B. maneuvers               

C. ways of flying 

D. birds

Câu 5: According to the passage, what benefit comes from having built-in spoilers?

A. an ability to fly faster                

B. a steeper angle of diving for prey

C. prolonged fight                

D. superior maneuverability when climbing

Lời giải:

Đáp án:

1C

2C

3B

4D

5B

Giải thích:

1. Thông tin: If body builders has wings, they still could not flap hard enough to leave the ground. Birds have large, specialized hearts that beat much faster than the human heart and provide the necessary oxygen to the muscles. (Nếu lực sĩ có cánh, họ vẫn không thể vỗ đủ mạnh để rời khỏi mặt đất. Loài chim có trái tim lớn, chuyên biệt đập nhanh hơn nhiều so với trái tim con người và cung cấp oxy cần thiết cho cơ bắp.)

2. Ý chính của bài đọc là gì?

Loài chim có nhiều đặc điểm chuyên biệt hỗ trợ sự sống của chúng.

3. Thông tin: This creates higher pressure under the wings, called lift, which pushes the bird up. (Điều này tạo ra áp lực lớn hơn ở dưới cánh, được gọi là lực nâng, đẩy chim lên.)

4. Thông tin: Finches and sparrows have short, broad wings. (Chim hoa mai và chim sẻ có đôi cánh ngắn và rộng.)

5. Thông tin: Faster birds, like hawks, have built-in spoilers that reduce turbulence while flying. This allows a steeper angle of attack without stalling. (Những con chim nhanh hơn, như diều hâu, có tấm lái ngang được tích hợp sẵn giúp giảm nhiễu loạn trong khi bay. Điều này cho phép một góc độ tấn công dốc hơn mà không bị chao đảo.)