Chương I Thông tư 200/2014/TT-BTC: Quy định chung

Chapter I

GENERAL PROVISIONS

Article 1. Regulated entities

This Circular promulgates accounting policies applying to enterprises in every business lines and every economic sector.  Small and medium-sized enterprises applying the accounting policies for small and medium-sized enterprises may apply regulations in this Circular for accounting.

Article 2. Scope

This Circular promulgates bookkeeping, preparation and presentation of financial statements, not applying to determination of tax liabilities of enterprises to government budget.

Article 3. Monetary unit in accounting

“Monetary unit in accounting” means Vietnamese dong (national sign: “đ”; international sign: “VND”) used for bookkeeping, preparation and presentation of financial statements of enterprises. If an accounting unit that mainly receives revenues and pays expenses in foreign currencies, provided that it conforms to standards prescribed in Article 4 of this Circular may choose a type of foreign currencies as a monetary unit for bookkeeping.

Article 4. Selection of monetary unit in accounting

1. Any enterprise that mainly receive revenues and pays expenses in foreign currencies shall base on regulations of the Law on accounting for consideration of selection of monetary unit in accounting and take legal responsibility. When selecting the monetary unit in accounting, the enterprise must notify supervisory tax authority.

2. The monetary unit in accounting means a monetary unit meeting requirements below:

a) It is mainly used in sales, provisions of services of the enterprise, which have great impact on selling prices and service fees and it is normally used as posting prices and used for payments; and

b) It is mainly used in purchases of goods or services, which have great impact on labor costs, materials costs and other production costs or operating costs and it is normally used for payments of that costs.

3. The following factors may also be considered as evidence of monetary unit in accounting of the enterprise:

a) The monetary unit used in mobilization of financial resources (such as issuance of shares or bonds);

b) The monetary unit which is regularly collected from business operation and accumulated.

4. The monetary unit in accounting reflects transactions, events, condition pertaining to the operation of the enterprise. After choosing the certain monetary unit in accounting, the enterprise shall not change it unless there are major changes in the transactions, events or condition.

Article 5. Conversion of financial statements made in foreign currency into Vietnamese dong

1. If an enterprise uses a foreign currency as monetary unit in accounting, it must not only prepare a financial statement in foreign currency but also converse their financial statement into Vietnamese dong when announcing and submitting the financial statement to regulatory authorities.

2. Rules for conversion of financial statements made in foreign currency into Vietnamese dong, comparison information between them shall be reported in accordance with Chapter III of this Circular.

3. When converting the financial statement made in foreign currency into Vietnamese dong, the enterprise must clarify the impact (if any) on the financial statement due to the conversion in the Description of financial statement.

Article 6. Audit of financial statements using foreign currency as monetary unit in accounting 

The lawful financial statement used to announce and submit to Vietnamese competent agencies is a financial statement made in Vietnamese dong and audited.

Article 7. Changes in monetary unit in accounting

If there are major changes in managerial and business operations leading to the monetary unit in accounting used in economic transactions failing to satisfy the requirements specified in Clause 2 and 3 of Article 4 of this Circular, enterprises may change their monetary units in accounting. The change of a monetary unit for bookkeeping to another may be effected only at the beginning of a new fiscal year.  The enterprise must notify supervisory tax authority of the change in monetary unit in accounting within 10 working days after the final day of the fiscal year.

Article 8. Rights and obligations of enterprises pertaining to organization of accounting in dependent accounting units having no legal status (hereinafter referred to as dependent accounting unit)

1. Enterprises must organize their accounting structures and accounting task delegation of dependent accounting unit in conformity with their operation and management requirements and not contrary to regulations of law.

2. The following accounts shall be kept records by dependent accounting units having accounting divisions according to the decision issued by the enterprise:

a) Operating capital granted by the enterprise: the operating capital shall be recorded to liabilities or equity according to the decision of the enterprise;

b) Transactions in sale, purchase or circulation of goods or services intra-company: revenues or costs of goods sold only are separately recorded in every dependent accounting unit if such circulation creates added value in the goods or services. The recording of revenues from internal transactions to the financial statement does not depend on the format of accounting records (invoices or internal transaction documents);

c) Task delegation: Depending on centralized or decentralized accounting model, the dependent accounting units may record undistributed post-tax profit or record revenues and expenses.

Article 9. Registration for amendments to Accounting policies

1. Chart of accounts

a) According to chart of accounts of accounting policies for enterprises issued together with this Circular, the enterprise shall apply and detail chart of accounts in conformity with requirements pertaining business and management of every business line and unit, provided that it conforms to content, structure and method of accounting of equivalent ledger accounts.

b) If the enterprise need to add accounts or sub-accounts or modify accounts or sub-accounts about names, signs, content and accounting methods, the approval issued by the Ministry of Finance before the supplement or modification is required.

c) The enterprise may open sub-accounts or sub-sub accounts if the Chart of accounts prescribed in Appendix 1 of this Circular does not regulate such accounts without the approval of the Ministry of Finance.

2. Financial statements

a) According to forms and contents of items of the financial statement prescribed in Appendix 2 of this Circular, the enterprise shall detail the items (available) of the financial statement system in conformity with operation and management of every business line and unit.

b) If the enterprise need to add or modify names, signs, content of items of the financial statement, the approval issued by the Ministry of Finance before the supplement or modification is required.

3. Accounting documents and accounting records

a) All accounting documents are optional, enterprise may use forms issued together with Appendix No. 3 of this Circular or design their forms in conformity with their operation and management provided that their forms satisfy all requirements as prescribed in the Law on Accounting and their amended documents.

b) All forms of accounting records (including Ledgers or Journals) are optional. The enterprise may apply the forms as prescribed in Appendix No. 4 of this Circular or amendments to forms or accounting cards in conformity with their operation and management provided that they are sufficient, clear and easy to control.

Article 10. Accounting policies applying to foreign contractors

1. Foreign contractors having permanent resident facilities in Vietnam which are not an independent unit having legal status shall carry out accounting policies in Vietnam as follows:

a) There are particular contractors eligible for particular accounting policy issued by the Ministry of Finance;

b) Contractors not eligible for particular accounting policy issued by the Ministry of Finance may whether fully and partly apply Accounting policies for Vietnamese enterprises in conformity with their operation and management.

c) If the contractor applies Accounting policies for Vietnamese companies fully, it is required to apply during the fiscal year.

d) The contractor must notify the tax authority of the accounting policy applied within 90 days from the date on which it runs business in Vietnam. If there is any change in applying of accounting policy, the contractor must notify the tax authority within 15 working days from the date on which the change occurs.

2. Foreign contractor must keep records of every contract license, every transaction in details to settle contract and make tax declaration.

3. If a foreign contractor who applies fully Accounting policies for Vietnamese companies wishes to supplement or modify the policies, it is required to comply with Article 9 of this Circular and obtain approval issued by the Ministry of Finance. Within 15 working days from the date on which the sufficient documents are received, the Ministry of Finance must send response on registration of amendments of accounting policies to the foreign contractor.