Chapter VI
SOLID MEDICAL WASTE TREATMENT AND DESTRUCTION MODELS AND TECHNOLOGIES
Article 19. Hazardous solid medical waste treatment and destruction models and the application thereof
1. Hazardous solid medical waste treatment and destruction models include:
a/ Model 1: Concentrated hazardous medical waste treatment and destruction centers.
b/ Model 2: Hazardous medical waste treatment and destruction facilities for clusters of medical establishments.
c/ Model 3: On-spot treatment and destruction of hazardous solid medical wastes.
2. Medical establishments shall base themselves on plannings, geological elements, economic and
environmental conditions to apply one of the medical waste treatment and destruction models specified in Clause I of this Article.
Article 20. Hazardous medical waste treatment and destruction technologies
1. The selection of hazardous medical waste treatment technologies must ensure environmental standards and satisfy the requirements of treaties to which Vietnam is a contracting party.
2. Hazardous medical waste treatment technologies include incineration in furnaces reaching environmental standards; hot-steam disinfection; microwave and other treatment technologies. The application of environment-friendly technologies is encouraged.
Article 21. Methods of preliminary treatment of highly contagious wastes
1. Highly contagious wastes must be safely treated near their sources.
2. Highly contagious wastes can be preliminarily treated by one of the following methods:
a/ Chemical disinfection: Highly contagious wastes are soaked in 1-2% cloramin B or 1-2% javel water for at least 30 minutes or other disinfectant chemicals under the use instructions of producers and regulations of the Health Ministry.
b/ Hot-steam disinfection: Highly contagious wastes are put into disinfection steamers which are operated under producers’ instructions.
c/ Non-stop boiling for at least 15 minutes.
3. Highly contagious wastes, after being preliminarily treated, can be buried or wrapped in yellow plastic bags for mixture with contagious wastes. If these wastes are preliminarily treated by autoclave or microwave methods or other modern technologies up to prescribed standards, they can be later treated like general wastes and be recycled.
Article 22. Contagious waste treatment and destruction methods
1. Contagious wastes can be treated and destroyed by one of the following methods:
a/ Autoclave disinfection
b/ Microwave disinfection
c/ Incineration
d/ Hygienic burial: Being only temporarily applied to medical establishments in mountain and midland areas where local standard hazardous medical waste treatment facilities are not yet available. The burial sites are designated by local administrations and approved by local environment management bodies. Burial pits must meet the requirements: being surrounded by fences, at least 100m away from water wells and residential houses; their bottoms are at least 1.5m below the surface water level, their mouths are above the ground and temporarily roofs against rain water, each waste layer must be covered by an earth layer of 10-25 cm thick and the final earth layer must be 0.5 m thick. Contagious wastes must not be buried together with general wastes. Contagious wastes must be disinfected before being buried.
dd/ Where contagious wastes are treated by autoclave, microwave method or other modern technologies up to the prescribed standards, they can be later treated, recycled or destroyed like general wastes.
2. Sharp and pointed wastes:
One of the following destruction methods can be applied:
a/ Incineration in special furnaces together with other contagious wastes.
b/ Direct burial in cement holes exclusively used for burial of sharp and pointed objects: The holes are built with concrete bottoms, walls and lids.
3. Surgery wastes:
One of the following methods can apply:
a/ The contagious waste treatment and destruction methods mentioned in Clause 1 of Article 22.
b/ They are wrapped in two yellow bags, packed in cases and buried in cemeteries.
c/ Burial in concrete pits with tight bottoms and lids.
Article 23. Chemical waste treatment and destruction methods
1. General methods for treatment and destruction of hazardous chemical wastes:
a/ Returning them to suppliers under contracts.
b/ Incinerating them in high blast furnaces
c/ Destroying them by method of alkali neutralization or hydrolysis.
d/ Pre-burial inertization: Mixing wastes with cement and a number of other materials in order to fasten hazardous substances in wastes. The mixture ratios will be as follows: 65% pharmaceutical, chemical wastes, 15% lime, 15% cement, 5% water. After an unique block is created, it is transported for burial.
2. One of the following methods can be applied to the treatment and destruction of pharmaceutical wastes:
a/ Incinerating them in furnaces, if any, together with contagious wastes.
b/ Burying them at hazardous waste burial sites.
c/ Inertization.
d/ Liquid pharmaceutical wastes are diluted and discharged into waste water treatment systems of medical establishments.
3. One of the following methods can apply to the treatment and destruction of tissue-intoxicating wastes:
a/ Returning them to suppliers under contracts.
b/ Incinerating them in high-temperature furnaces (Appendix 2: A number of tissue-intoxicating drugs frequently used in medical activities and the minimum temperature for destruction of tissue intoxicants).
c/ Using a number of oxides such as KMnO2, H2SO4, etc., degrading tissue intoxicants into non-hazardous compounds.
d/ Inertization then burial at concentrated waste burial sites.
4. Treatment and destruction of wastes containing heavy metals:
a/ Returning them to producers for recovery of heavy metals.
b/ Destroying them at places for safe destruction of industrial wastes.
c/ If these two methods cannot be applied, the method of packing wastes tight in metal or high-density polyethylene cans or boxes, then adding fastening-substances (cement, lime, sand), letting them dry and packing them tight, then discharging them to waste dumping sites.
Article 24. Radioactive waste treatment and destruction
Medical establishments using radioactive substances and radioactive substance- related instruments or equipment must comply with current legal provisions on radiation safety.
Article 25. Pressure cylinder treatment and destruction
One of the following methods can apply:
a/ Returning them to producers,
b/ Re using them.
c/ Burying them like pressure cylinders of small capacity.
Article 26. General solid waste treatment and destruction
1. Recycling, re-use
a/ The list of general wastes to be recycled or re-used complies with Appendix 4 to this Regulation.
b/ To be- recycled general wastes must not contain contagious elements and hazardous chemicals affecting human health.
c/ Wastes allowed for recycling and reuse are only supplied to organizations or individuals licensed for such operation and having the function of recycling wastes.
d/ Medical establishments assign one unit to organize, inspect and strictly supervise the treatment of general wastes according to regulations for recycling and re-use.
2. Treatment and destruction: Burial at local waste burial sites.
Tìm kiếm
Quyết định 43/2007/QĐ-BYT về quy chế quản lý chất thải y tế (Bản Word)