Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from that of the others in each of the following questions.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from that of the others in each of the following questions.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word whose stress is placed differently from that of the others in each of the following questions.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word whose stress is placed differently from that of the others in each of the following questions.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet that completes each of the following questions.

The Smiths _______ Rome for this weekend

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet that completes each of the following questions.

Brian _____ walks to work because he likes to keep fit

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet that completes each of the following questions.

______ pipelines are expensive to build, they are relatively cheap to operate and maintain

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet that completes each of the following questions.

I can’t hear every word in her lecture. I wish she would ________

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet that completes each of the following questions.

A kim______ to working in the evenings but now he enjoys it.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet that completes each of the following questions.

When the boys won the tennis match, they were very pleased with _________

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet that completes each of the following questions.

- I’m right, ______?

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet that completes each of the following questions.

She ____ be forty years old! She looks much younger.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet that completes each of the following questions.

He went to the airport ______ a taxi.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet that completes each of the following questions.

The old lady was _________ exhauted after the long walk

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet that completes each of the following questions.

I do not believe that John will get here on time. He is always late and the ____ does not change its spots.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet that completes each of the following questions.

For a short while, I managed to catch_______ of the President entering the place.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word whose stress is placed differently from that of the others in each of the following questions.

As the hospital had been careless with its hygiene procedures, the patient found she had been_______ with a harmful virus.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet that completes each of the following questions.

The development company _____ approval from the council for their plans for a new shopping centre.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet that completes each of the following questions.

- Have you been waiting here long?

+__________

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet that completes each of the following questions.

- “A bat can hear from a long distance.” “________”

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word or phrase that is OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined part in each of the following questions.

One often expends far more energy in marathon run than expected

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word or phrase that is OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined part in each of the following questions.

We left New York when I was six; so my recollections of it are rather faint.

Make the letter A,B,C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word or phrase that is CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined part in each of the following questions.

He decided not to buy the fake watch and wait until he had more money.

Make the letter A,B,C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word or phrase that is CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined part in each of the following questions.

I only have time to tell you the main idea of it, not the details.

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to the original sentence in each of the following questions.

Technology improved rapidly during World War II and played a crucial role in determining how the war came to an end

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to the original sentence in each of the following questions.

This switch must not be touched on any account.

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to the original sentence in each of the following questions.

by some it is supposed that bad luck may be avoided by locking on wood

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to the original sentence in each of the following questions.

I can’t come to your party. I’m too busy.

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to the original sentence in each of the following questions.

The teacher encouraged him. As a result, he took part in the contest.

Mark the letter A,B,C or D on your answer sheet to show the underlined part that needs

The need (A) for (B) a well rounded education was an idea (C) espoused by the Greeks (D) in time of Socrates.

Mark the letter A,B,C or D on your answer sheet to show the underlined part that needs

Those (A) who have never been (B ) abroad (C) is eager to see how (D) different the other cultures

Mark the letter A,B,C or D on your answer sheet to show the underlined part that needs

With (A) its (B) strong claws and its many (C) protruding tooth a gopher(D) is an excellent digger.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word for each of the blanks from 33 to 37. Fill in the appropriate word in question 33

Long ago, Chinese people didn’t say, “How are you” when they met each other or saw their friends. They said,” (33)_____ you eaten your rice today?”. Eating rice (34)_____ such an important part of daily life in China!

Rice is still one of the (35)_____ important kinds of food in the modern world. Nearly half the people that live on our planet eat it every day and in some countries, an adult cats more than 100 kilos of rice each year.

We think that people first (36)______ rice in India. In China, people began eating rice about 5,000 years ago. Rice wasn’t eaten in North America until 17th century, but many Americans prefer to eat pasta these days (37)_________ only eat about 2 kilos of rice per year.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word for each of the blanks from 33 to 37.  Fill in the appropriate word in question 34

Long ago, Chinese people didn’t say, “How are you” when they met each other or saw their friends. They said,” (33)_____ you eaten your rice today?”. Eating rice (34)_____ such an important part of daily life in China!

Rice is still one of the (35)_____ important kinds of food in the modern world. Nearly half the people that live on our planet eat it every day and in some countries, an adult cats more than 100 kilos of rice each year.

We think that people first (36)______ rice in India. In China, people began eating rice about 5,000 years ago. Rice wasn’t eaten in North America until 17th century, but many Americans prefer to eat pasta these days (37)_________ only eat about 2 kilos of rice per year.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word for each of the blanks from 33 to 37.  Fill in the appropriate word in question 35

Long ago, Chinese people didn’t say, “How are you” when they met each other or saw their friends. They said,” (33)_____ you eaten your rice today?”. Eating rice (34)_____ such an important part of daily life in China!

Rice is still one of the (35)_____ important kinds of food in the modern world. Nearly half the people that live on our planet eat it every day and in some countries, an adult cats more than 100 kilos of rice each year.

We think that people first (36)______ rice in India. In China, people began eating rice about 5,000 years ago. Rice wasn’t eaten in North America until 17th century, but many Americans prefer to eat pasta these days (37)_________ only eat about 2 kilos of rice per year.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word for each of the blanks from 33 to 37.  Fill in the appropriate word in question 36

Long ago, Chinese people didn’t say, “How are you” when they met each other or saw their friends. They said,” (33)_____ you eaten your rice today?”. Eating rice (34)_____ such an important part of daily life in China!

Rice is still one of the (35)_____ important kinds of food in the modern world. Nearly half the people that live on our planet eat it every day and in some countries, an adult cats more than 100 kilos of rice each year.

We think that people first (36)______ rice in India. In China, people began eating rice about 5,000 years ago. Rice wasn’t eaten in North America until 17th century, but many Americans prefer to eat pasta these days (37)_________ only eat about 2 kilos of rice per year.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word for each of the blanks from 33 to 37.  Fill in the appropriate word in question 33

Long ago, Chinese people didn’t say, “How are you” when they met each other or saw their friends. They said,” (33)_____ you eaten your rice today?”. Eating rice (34)_____ such an important part of daily life in China!

Rice is still one of the (35)_____ important kinds of food in the modern world. Nearly half the people that live on our planet eat it every day and in some countries, an adult cats more than 100 kilos of rice each year.

We think that people first (36)______ rice in India. In China, people began eating rice about 5,000 years ago. Rice wasn’t eaten in North America until 17th century, but many Americans prefer to eat pasta these days (37)_________ only eat about 2 kilos of rice per year.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 36 to 45.

On July 16, 1969, America launched the Apollo 11, Lunar Landing Mission from Kennedy Space Center. This was a 363-foot-tall space vehicle, the five engines of which on the Saturn V rocket generated 7.5 million pounds of thrust. Twelve minutes after the launch, the astronauts were in orbit 120 miles above the Earth. At a speed of 17,400 mph, they began their four-day journey to the moon. They had nearly a quarter of a million miles to go.

On July 20, 1969, Neil Amstrong descended from the lunar module ladder. Just prior to taking his first step on the moon, Armstrong pilles on a special ring, causing a TV camera to automatically deploy. as he stepped into the moon’s surface, he proclaimed, “That’s one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind.” However, Armstrong inadvertently omitted the “a” before “man”. This error slightly changed the meaning of what was to become known as Armstrong’s famous statement.

What is the passage mainly about?

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 36 to 45.

On July 16, 1969, America launched the Apollo 11, Lunar Landing Mission from Kennedy Space Center. This was a 363-foot-tall space vehicle, the five engines of which on the Saturn V rocket generated 7.5 million pounds of thrust. Twelve minutes after the launch, the astronauts were in orbit 120 miles above the Earth. At a speed of 17,400 mph, they began their four-day journey to the moon. They had nearly a quarter of a million miles to go.

On July 20, 1969, Neil Amstrong descended from the lunar module ladder. Just prior to taking his first step on the moon, Armstrong pilles on a special ring, causing a TV camera to automatically deploy. as he stepped into the moon’s surface, he proclaimed, “That’s one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind.” However, Armstrong inadvertently omitted the “a” before “man”. This error slightly changed the meaning of what was to become known as Armstrong’s famous statement.

The word “they” in the passage refers to ________

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 36 to 45.

On July 16, 1969, America launched the Apollo 11, Lunar Landing Mission from Kennedy Space Center. This was a 363-foot-tall space vehicle, the five engines of which on the Saturn V rocket generated 7.5 million pounds of thrust. Twelve minutes after the launch, the astronauts were in orbit 120 miles above the Earth. At a speed of 17,400 mph, they began their four-day journey to the moon. They had nearly a quarter of a million miles to go.

On July 20, 1969, Neil Amstrong descended from the lunar module ladder. Just prior to taking his first step on the moon, Armstrong pilles on a special ring, causing a TV camera to automatically deploy. as he stepped into the moon’s surface, he proclaimed, “That’s one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind.” However, Armstrong inadvertently omitted the “a” before “man”. This error slightly changed the meaning of what was to become known as Armstrong’s famous statement.

The word “deploy” in the passage is closet in meaning to__________

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 36 to 45.

On July 16, 1969, America launched the Apollo 11, Lunar Landing Mission from Kennedy Space Center. This was a 363-foot-tall space vehicle, the five engines of which on the Saturn V rocket generated 7.5 million pounds of thrust. Twelve minutes after the launch, the astronauts were in orbit 120 miles above the Earth. At a speed of 17,400 mph, they began their four-day journey to the moon. They had nearly a quarter of a million miles to go.

On July 20, 1969, Neil Amstrong descended from the lunar module ladder. Just prior to taking his first step on the moon, Armstrong pilles on a special ring, causing a TV camera to automatically deploy. as he stepped into the moon’s surface, he proclaimed, “That’s one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind.” However, Armstrong inadvertently omitted the “a” before “man”. This error slightly changed the meaning of what was to become known as Armstrong’s famous statement.

Which of the following is the best title for the passage?

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 36 to 45.

On July 16, 1969, America launched the Apollo 11, Lunar Landing Mission from Kennedy Space Center. This was a 363-foot-tall space vehicle, the five engines of which on the Saturn V rocket generated 7.5 million pounds of thrust. Twelve minutes after the launch, the astronauts were in orbit 120 miles above the Earth. At a speed of 17,400 mph, they began their four-day journey to the moon. They had nearly a quarter of a million miles to go.

On July 20, 1969, Neil Amstrong descended from the lunar module ladder. Just prior to taking his first step on the moon, Armstrong pilles on a special ring, causing a TV camera to automatically deploy. as he stepped into the moon’s surface, he proclaimed, “That’s one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind.” However, Armstrong inadvertently omitted the “a” before “man”. This error slightly changed the meaning of what was to become known as Armstrong’s famous statement.

It can be inferred that Armstrong’s statement was important because ______

Read the following passage and mark the letter A,B,C or D on your answers sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

Generally, in order to be preserved in the fossil record, organisms must possess hard body parts such as shells or bones. Soft, fleshy structures are quickly destroyed by predators or decayed by bacteria. Even hard parts left on the surface for any length of time will be destroyed, therefore, organisms must be buried rapidly to escape destruction by the elements and to be protected against agents of weathering and erosion. Marine organisms thus are better candidates for fossilization than those living on the land because the ocean is typical the site of sedimentation, whereas the land is largely the site of erosion. The beds of ancient lakes were also excellent sites for rapid burial of skeletal remains of freshwater organisms and skeletons of other animals, including those of early humans, Ancient swaps were particularly plentiful with prolific growths of vegetation, which fossilized in abundance. Many animals became trapped in bogs overgrown by vegetation. The environment of the swaps kept bacterial decay to a minimum, which greatly aided in the preservation of plants and animals. The rapidly accumulating sediments in flood plains, deltas, and stream channels buried freshwater organisms, along with other plants and animals that happened to fall into the water.

Only a small traction of all the organisms that have ever lived are preserved as fossils. Normally, the remains of a plant or animal are completely destroyed through predation and decay. Although it seems that fossilization is common for some organisms, for others it is almost impossible. For the most part of, the remains of organisms are recycled in the earth, which is fortunate because otherwise soil and water would soon became depleted of essential nutrients. Also, most of the fossils exposed on Earth’s surface are destroyed by weathering processes. This make for an incomplete fossil record with poor or no representation of certain species. The best fossils are those composed of that form the vast majority of unaltered fossils. Calcite and aragonite also contributed to a substantial number of fossils of certain organisms.

The word “agents” is closest in meaning to ________

Read the following passage and mark the letter A,B,C or D on your answers sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

Generally, in order to be preserved in the fossil record, organisms must possess hard body parts such as shells or bones. Soft, fleshy structures are quickly destroyed by predators or decayed by bacteria. Even hard parts left on the surface for any length of time will be destroyed, therefore, organisms must be buried rapidly to escape destruction by the elements and to be protected against agents of weathering and erosion. Marine organisms thus are better candidates for fossilization than those living on the land because the ocean is typical the site of sedimentation, whereas the land is largely the site of erosion. The beds of ancient lakes were also excellent sites for rapid burial of skeletal remains of freshwater organisms and skeletons of other animals, including those of early humans, Ancient swaps were particularly plentiful with prolific growths of vegetation, which fossilized in abundance. Many animals became trapped in bogs overgrown by vegetation. The environment of the swaps kept bacterial decay to a minimum, which greatly aided in the preservation of plants and animals. The rapidly accumulating sediments in flood plains, deltas, and stream channels buried freshwater organisms, along with other plants and animals that happened to fall into the water.

Only a small traction of all the organisms that have ever lived are preserved as fossils. Normally, the remains of a plant or animal are completely destroyed through predation and decay. Although it seems that fossilization is common for some organisms, for others it is almost impossible. For the most part of, the remains of organisms are recycled in the earth, which is fortunate because otherwise soil and water would soon became depleted of essential nutrients. Also, most of the fossils exposed on Earth’s surface are destroyed by weathering processes. This make for an incomplete fossil record with poor or no representation of certain species. The best fossils are those composed of that form the vast majority of unaltered fossils. Calcite and aragonite also contributed to a substantial number of fossils of certain organisms.

The fact that the “land is largely the site of erosion” is significant because_______

Read the following passage and mark the letter A,B,C or D on your answers sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

Generally, in order to be preserved in the fossil record, organisms must possess hard body parts such as shells or bones. Soft, fleshy structures are quickly destroyed by predators or decayed by bacteria. Even hard parts left on the surface for any length of time will be destroyed, therefore, organisms must be buried rapidly to escape destruction by the elements and to be protected against agents of weathering and erosion. Marine organisms thus are better candidates for fossilization than those living on the land because the ocean is typical the site of sedimentation, whereas the land is largely the site of erosion. The beds of ancient lakes were also excellent sites for rapid burial of skeletal remains of freshwater organisms and skeletons of other animals, including those of early humans, Ancient swaps were particularly plentiful with prolific growths of vegetation, which fossilized in abundance. Many animals became trapped in bogs overgrown by vegetation. The environment of the swaps kept bacterial decay to a minimum, which greatly aided in the preservation of plants and animals. The rapidly accumulating sediments in flood plains, deltas, and stream channels buried freshwater organisms, along with other plants and animals that happened to fall into the water.

Only a small traction of all the organisms that have ever lived are preserved as fossils. Normally, the remains of a plant or animal are completely destroyed through predation and decay. Although it seems that fossilization is common for some organisms, for others it is almost impossible. For the most part of, the remains of organisms are recycled in the earth, which is fortunate because otherwise soil and water would soon became depleted of essential nutrients. Also, most of the fossils exposed on Earth’s surface are destroyed by weathering processes. This make for an incomplete fossil record with poor or no representation of certain species. The best fossils are those composed of that form the vast majority of unaltered fossils. Calcite and aragonite also contributed to a substantial number of fossils of certain organisms.

The best fossils are those_______

Read the following passage and mark the letter A,B,C or D on your answers sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

Generally, in order to be preserved in the fossil record, organisms must possess hard body parts such as shells or bones. Soft, fleshy structures are quickly destroyed by predators or decayed by bacteria. Even hard parts left on the surface for any length of time will be destroyed, therefore, organisms must be buried rapidly to escape destruction by the elements and to be protected against agents of weathering and erosion. Marine organisms thus are better candidates for fossilization than those living on the land because the ocean is typical the site of sedimentation, whereas the land is largely the site of erosion. The beds of ancient lakes were also excellent sites for rapid burial of skeletal remains of freshwater organisms and skeletons of other animals, including those of early humans, Ancient swaps were particularly plentiful with prolific growths of vegetation, which fossilized in abundance. Many animals became trapped in bogs overgrown by vegetation. The environment of the swaps kept bacterial decay to a minimum, which greatly aided in the preservation of plants and animals. The rapidly accumulating sediments in flood plains, deltas, and stream channels buried freshwater organisms, along with other plants and animals that happened to fall into the water.

Only a small traction of all the organisms that have ever lived are preserved as fossils. Normally, the remains of a plant or animal are completely destroyed through predation and decay. Although it seems that fossilization is common for some organisms, for others it is almost impossible. For the most part of, the remains of organisms are recycled in the earth, which is fortunate because otherwise soil and water would soon became depleted of essential nutrients. Also, most of the fossils exposed on Earth’s surface are destroyed by weathering processes. This make for an incomplete fossil record with poor or no representation of certain species. The best fossils are those composed of that form the vast majority of unaltered fossils. Calcite and aragonite also contributed to a substantial number of fossils of certain organisms.

Why does the author mention “aragonite” in the last line?

Read the following passage and mark the letter A,B,C or D on your answers sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

Generally, in order to be preserved in the fossil record, organisms must possess hard body parts such as shells or bones. Soft, fleshy structures are quickly destroyed by predators or decayed by bacteria. Even hard parts left on the surface for any length of time will be destroyed, therefore, organisms must be buried rapidly to escape destruction by the elements and to be protected against agents of weathering and erosion. Marine organisms thus are better candidates for fossilization than those living on the land because the ocean is typical the site of sedimentation, whereas the land is largely the site of erosion. The beds of ancient lakes were also excellent sites for rapid burial of skeletal remains of freshwater organisms and skeletons of other animals, including those of early humans, Ancient swaps were particularly plentiful with prolific growths of vegetation, which fossilized in abundance. Many animals became trapped in bogs overgrown by vegetation. The environment of the swaps kept bacterial decay to a minimum, which greatly aided in the preservation of plants and animals. The rapidly accumulating sediments in flood plains, deltas, and stream channels buried freshwater organisms, along with other plants and animals that happened to fall into the water.

Only a small traction of all the organisms that have ever lived are preserved as fossils. Normally, the remains of a plant or animal are completely destroyed through predation and decay. Although it seems that fossilization is common for some organisms, for others it is almost impossible. For the most part of, the remains of organisms are recycled in the earth, which is fortunate because otherwise soil and water would soon became depleted of essential nutrients. Also, most of the fossils exposed on Earth’s surface are destroyed by weathering processes. This make for an incomplete fossil record with poor or no representation of certain species. The best fossils are those composed of that form the vast majority of unaltered fossils. Calcite and aragonite also contributed to a substantial number of fossils of certain organisms.

It can be inferred that flood plains, deltas, and stream channels are similar in which of the following ways?

Read the following passage and mark the letter A,B,C or D on your answers sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

Generally, in order to be preserved in the fossil record, organisms must possess hard body parts such as shells or bones. Soft, fleshy structures are quickly destroyed by predators or decayed by bacteria. Even hard parts left on the surface for any length of time will be destroyed, therefore, organisms must be buried rapidly to escape destruction by the elements and to be protected against agents of weathering and erosion. Marine organisms thus are better candidates for fossilization than those living on the land because the ocean is typical the site of sedimentation, whereas the land is largely the site of erosion. The beds of ancient lakes were also excellent sites for rapid burial of skeletal remains of freshwater organisms and skeletons of other animals, including those of early humans, Ancient swaps were particularly plentiful with prolific growths of vegetation, which fossilized in abundance. Many animals became trapped in bogs overgrown by vegetation. The environment of the swaps kept bacterial decay to a minimum, which greatly aided in the preservation of plants and animals. The rapidly accumulating sediments in flood plains, deltas, and stream channels buried freshwater organisms, along with other plants and animals that happened to fall into the water.

Only a small traction of all the organisms that have ever lived are preserved as fossils. Normally, the remains of a plant or animal are completely destroyed through predation and decay. Although it seems that fossilization is common for some organisms, for others it is almost impossible. For the most part of, the remains of organisms are recycled in the earth, which is fortunate because otherwise soil and water would soon became depleted of essential nutrients. Also, most of the fossils exposed on Earth’s surface are destroyed by weathering processes. This make for an incomplete fossil record with poor or no representation of certain species. The best fossils are those composed of that form the vast majority of unaltered fossils. Calcite and aragonite also contributed to a substantial number of fossils of certain organisms.

Why are marine organisms good candidates for fossilization?

Read the following passage and mark the letter A,B,C or D on your answers sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

Generally, in order to be preserved in the fossil record, organisms must possess hard body parts such as shells or bones. Soft, fleshy structures are quickly destroyed by predators or decayed by bacteria. Even hard parts left on the surface for any length of time will be destroyed, therefore, organisms must be buried rapidly to escape destruction by the elements and to be protected against agents of weathering and erosion. Marine organisms thus are better candidates for fossilization than those living on the land because the ocean is typical the site of sedimentation, whereas the land is largely the site of erosion. The beds of ancient lakes were also excellent sites for rapid burial of skeletal remains of freshwater organisms and skeletons of other animals, including those of early humans, Ancient swaps were particularly plentiful with prolific growths of vegetation, which fossilized in abundance. Many animals became trapped in bogs overgrown by vegetation. The environment of the swaps kept bacterial decay to a minimum, which greatly aided in the preservation of plants and animals. The rapidly accumulating sediments in flood plains, deltas, and stream channels buried freshwater organisms, along with other plants and animals that happened to fall into the water.

Only a small traction of all the organisms that have ever lived are preserved as fossils. Normally, the remains of a plant or animal are completely destroyed through predation and decay. Although it seems that fossilization is common for some organisms, for others it is almost impossible. For the most part of, the remains of organisms are recycled in the earth, which is fortunate because otherwise soil and water would soon became depleted of essential nutrients. Also, most of the fossils exposed on Earth’s surface are destroyed by weathering processes. This make for an incomplete fossil record with poor or no representation of certain species. The best fossils are those composed of that form the vast majority of unaltered fossils. Calcite and aragonite also contributed to a substantial number of fossils of certain organisms.

According to the passage, an organisms without hard body parts____

Read the following passage and mark the letter A,B,C or D on your answers sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

Generally, in order to be preserved in the fossil record, organisms must possess hard body parts such as shells or bones. Soft, fleshy structures are quickly destroyed by predators or decayed by bacteria. Even hard parts left on the surface for any length of time will be destroyed, therefore, organisms must be buried rapidly to escape destruction by the elements and to be protected against agents of weathering and erosion. Marine organisms thus are better candidates for fossilization than those living on the land because the ocean is typical the site of sedimentation, whereas the land is largely the site of erosion. The beds of ancient lakes were also excellent sites for rapid burial of skeletal remains of freshwater organisms and skeletons of other animals, including those of early humans, Ancient swaps were particularly plentiful with prolific growths of vegetation, which fossilized in abundance. Many animals became trapped in bogs overgrown by vegetation. The environment of the swaps kept bacterial decay to a minimum, which greatly aided in the preservation of plants and animals. The rapidly accumulating sediments in flood plains, deltas, and stream channels buried freshwater organisms, along with other plants and animals that happened to fall into the water.

Only a small traction of all the organisms that have ever lived are preserved as fossils. Normally, the remains of a plant or animal are completely destroyed through predation and decay. Although it seems that fossilization is common for some organisms, for others it is almost impossible. For the most part of, the remains of organisms are recycled in the earth, which is fortunate because otherwise soil and water would soon became depleted of essential nutrients. Also, most of the fossils exposed on Earth’s surface are destroyed by weathering processes. This make for an incomplete fossil record with poor or no representation of certain species. The best fossils are those composed of that form the vast majority of unaltered fossils. Calcite and aragonite also contributed to a substantial number of fossils of certain organisms.

FAccording to the passage, why were the remains of organisms trapped in swamps better preserved for the fossil record than those that were not?