Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word for each of the questions from 44 to 50. 

     Many people see large urban cities as a wonder of human imagination and creativity. They represent how far the human population has come in terms of community development. Despite its positive things, there are also negatives from urbanization on the physical health of humans living. 

     As it would be expected, developing countries tend to see more negative physical health effects than modern countries in regard to urbanization. One example of a developing country experiencing these problems is China. China is a country that in the past 30-40 years went from being an agrarian based society to a significant industrialized country. This industrialization has in effect caused the need for more centralized cities, centralized meaning having lots of jobs and living spaces within a close proximity. In most recent decades, since China's change to being more of an industrial based economy, the country has experienced record high numbers of people migrating within its borders. In effect, the number of cities with over 500,000 people has more than doubled. These migrations are typically of people from rural areas of China moving to the new urban areas. Due to this large influx in the urban population, there are many possibilities for health challenges among these people. 

     One very common and fairly obvious negative aspect of highly congested urban areas is air pollution. It could include particulate matter, most commonly attributed to industrial plants and refineries waste, or chemicals like CO2 or Methane. Due to a vast number of people in these urbanized cities, the air pollution is known to be very extreme. These conditions can lead to many different health problems such as: Asthma, cardiovascular problems or disease. When exposed to these conditions for a prolonged period of time, one can experience even more detrimental health effects like: the acceleration of aging, loss of lung capacity and health, being more susceptible to respiratory diseases, and a shortened life span. 

          Another way that urbanization affects the populations' health is people's change in diet. For instance, urban cities tend to have lots of accessible, quick, and easy to get food. This food is also more than likely not as high quality as well as contains a large amount of sodium and sugar. Because this food is so accessible, people tend to eat it more. This increase in consumption of low-quality food can then lead to diabetes, hypertension, heart disease, obesity, or many other health conditions

Why are urban populations easy to get diseases from food, according to the last paragraph?

Complete the sentences using the correct form (ing-form or to-infinitive of the verb in brackets)

When we told him a plan, he agreed (join)_________our team.

Read the passage, and choose the correct answer A, B, C or D for each question.

Home Life in Japan

It is common in Japan for three generations to live under the same roof. This is becoming less common today, but still exists, certainly in the countryside.

Husbands in Japan give their salaries to their wives. They are returned a sum of money as pocket money, otherwise how to use the rest is the wife's decision. The finances of a family are the responsibility of the women who handle most of the household expenses. There are exceptions in instances when something of value, like a car, is being bought. This is changing with more women going to work.

Japanese fathers in contemporary urban households spend so much time at work, and the company demands on them are so great. It means that they often really have very little time or energy to spend with their children. The responsibility for raising children, overseeing the education fall onto the mothers. Mothers play an enormous role in the lives of their children and the bond is very strong. Babysitters are rarely used and mothers often sleep with their babies. A mother will also spend hours with children doing school work. Few Japanese men help with housework. There is more pressure today for this to change.

Most families in Japan today are nuclear families, such as those in the United States. That is to say that a married couple lives together with their children, perhaps with one grandparent. But for the most part, the Japanese family today looks much like the American family.

In Japan, extended families are still popular _______________.

Complete the sentences using the correct form (ing-form or to-infinitive of the verb in brackets)

Why don’t you stop (work) __________and take a rest?

Complete the sentences using the correct form (ing-form or to-infinitive of the verb in brackets)

Do you ever regret (not study) __________at university, Peter?

The mayor apologize don’t having slept in an international summit and resigned afterwards.

Complete the sentences using the correct form (ing-form or to-infinitive of the verb in brackets)

He only wants privacy. He can’t understand people (ask)___________him personal questions.

Fill in the blank using the words in the box.

Subsidy economy from 1976 to 1986 means all (1)__________of goods and raw materials are in the (2)______of the central government. The government coordinated all steps of economy from planning, collecting, and distributing to (3)___________. Each person (4)__________ with standard distributions which depended (5)_________ working level, age, rank and position in government or professional.

      (6)__________ essential supplies had many problems, for example, four people shared a pair of bicycle tires, or even a blanket. Sometimes one pig was shared among 20 households, everyone wanted to take the good (7)_____________ and very difficult to divide fairly. Moreover, because of bad storage and complicated delivery, many supplied foods were in bad condition, such as broken, rotten or even poisonous. Each family got (8) ___________ own rice booklet shown date and number kilos of rice. During that time, the Vietnamese had a famous saying, “Your face (9)___________sad like (10)_________the rice booklet”.

The four-ton statue of hero Tran Vu, ___________in 1667, still stands in Quan Thanh Temple.

In cross-cultural marriage, _______ may happen

The market does not have any carrots.

There ............................................................................

He missed an exciting football match on TV last night. He wishes that he _______ it.

My sister told me that she had met my teacher at the supermarket yesterday.

Many people think Steve stole the money.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 36 to 42.

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, is located where the Allegheny and Monongahela rivers unite to form the Ohio River. Its fascinating history began in 1758 when General John Forbes and his British and colonial army captured Fort Duquesne from the French and renamed it Fort Pitt, for the British statesman William Pitt the Elder. After an agreement between the Native American tribes and William Penn's family, settlers henan arrivinn Pittsburah was laid out (1764) by John Campbell in the area around the fort.

Following the American Revolution, the town became an outfitting point for settlers traveling westward down the Ohio River. Pittsburgh's strategic location and wealth of natural resources spurred its commercial and industrial growth in the nineteenth century. A blast furnace, erected by George Anschutz about 1792, was the forerunner of the iron and steel industry that for more than a century was the city's economic power. By 1850, it was known as the "Iron City". The Pennsylvania Canal and the Portage Railroad, both completed in 1834, opened vital markets for trade and shipping.

After the American Civil War, great numbers of European immigrants swelled Pittsburgh's population, and industrial magnates such as Andrew Carnegie, Henry Clay Frick, and Thomas Mellon built their steel empires there. The city became the focus of historic friction between labor and management, and the American Federation of Labor was organized there in 1881. By 1900, the city's population had reached 321,616. Growth continued nearly unabated through World War II, and during the war years, Pittsburgh was a boom town.

During this period of economic and population growth, Pittsburgh became a grimy, polluted industrial city. After the war, however, the city undertook an extensive redevelopment program, with emphasis on smoke-pollution control, flood prevention, and sewage disposal.

In 1957, it became the first American city to generate electricity by nuclear power. By the late 1970s and early 80s, the steel industry had virtually disappeared, but Pittsburgh successfully diversified its economy through more emphasis on light industries and on such high-technology industries as computer software, industrial automation (robotic), and biomedical and environmental technologies

In the mid-eighteenth century, what two countries wanted to control the area now known as Pittsburgh?

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions

_____________the email - supposedly from Boyd's Bank - to be genuine, she was tricked into disclosing her credit card details