The green move emerged in the 1960s and 1970s. Its growth was driven by popular and scientific concerns about local and global degradation of the physical environment.

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In 1900, just 13 per cent of the world's people lived in cities. In 2008, the number passed 50 per cent for the first time in history. By 2050, the number will be about 70 per cent. The urban population in Asia and Africa will double, and there will be nearly 30 ‘megacities' – cities with more than 10 million people. So what will life be like for people in the cities of the future? Professor of human geography Ben Rhodes describes his vision of the urban world in 2050.

Life in cities will be very different from how it is today. Energy, especially oil, will be very expensive, so many people will probably work at home, or have their work places close to where they live. There will be less traffic on the roads, and it will be easier for people to be close to their families. For these reasons, cities won't have just one centre where everyone goes to work and shop. Instead, we'll probably see cities with many different centres.

It will be difficult to provide enough water, gas and electricity for really big cities, so these will probably stop growing. Many people from the countryside will move to smaller cities of 500,000 people or less. Transport over long distances will be a lot more expensive than it is now, so people will have to use food and energy from the countryside around their cities. They will use local materials for building, and perhaps traditional styles of architecture too.

The thing I really worry about is that energy may become too expensive for many people. In the end we might have two groups of people: a rich group which can afford energy and lives in clean, green areas, and a bigger, poorer group which can't afford energy and has to live in the more polluted parts of the city. This might lead to serious political problems.

By 2050, 70% of the population will live ___________.

It is recommended that the government ____ urbanization to maintain sustainable urban areas.

The word "their" in paragraph 2 refers to ___________.

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A striking feature of Viet Nam’s remarkable progress over the last few decades is the rapid pace of urbanization. In 1986, there were fewer than there are 13 million urban residents. Today there are 30 million. Cities have become strong growth forces, with urban areas growing twice as fast as the national average rate, and contributing over half of the country’s gross domestic product.

Viet Nam needs to reshape its urbanization process to create more efficient cities - cities that have sufficient population densities are well connected internally and regionally, and well managed. In addition, in line with Viet Nam's strong preference for social equity, cities will need to ensure inclusion of all residents, with no groups or area “left behind."

Meanwhile, rural residents increasingly lag behind their urban counterparts in income and access to services, leading many to migrate to cities. Migration presents challenges for urban management but also opportunities to enhance labor mobility. Fortunately, these trends can be reversed.

For example, four years ago, Alley 76 in Binh Thanh district, Ho Chi Minh City was only narrow enough for one motorbike to get through. Store owner Bui Thi Mai knows how a clean and efficient city can make or break a business. When it rained, the alley was often flooded with floating garbage and mosquitoes. Crime was increasing. Today, after undergoing major upgrading under an urban renewal project, the street is cleaner, safer and trucks carry goods to her door. Her family income has soared and her life has been completely changed.

Urbanization in Viet Nam has ___________.

The police have been searching _____ for the missing child for several days.

Some of the biggest cities are losing population because people go back to live in rural areas, which is known as urbanization.

In recent years, there has been a sharp rise _________ the number of people out of work.

We have got a few minutes to wait for the train. Let’s have a cup of coffee.

Considered the greatest composer of all time, _____.

____________ pollutants in the air cannot be seen with our naked eyes, we don’t realize the sources of the increasing pollution level.

John ___________ the key to his house and had to wait for long hours outside the house for his parents to return home.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to choose the word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks.

ONE OF AMERICA’S TOP GIVERS – WARREN BUFFETT

Giving Focus: Health, poverty alleviation

Net Worth: $88.8 billion

Lifetime Giving: $42.8 billion

The legendary investor’s quest to give ____(46)____ more than 99% of his fortune continues. So far, he’s ____(47)____ more than $40 billion - much of it through annual gifts to The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, where it’s being put to work on poverty and healthcare initiatives in the U.S. and developing countries. He’s also given billions in stock to the four charities ____(48)____ by his three children and his late wife. “The reaction of my family and me to our extraordinary good fortune is not guilt, but rather gratitude,” Buffett said in 2010 when establishing The Giving Pledge - an ____(49)____ aimed at convincing the world’s billionaires to donate at least half their fortunes to charity - alongside the Gateses. “Were we to use more than 1% of my claim checks on ourselves, neither our happiness ____(50)____ our well-being would be enhanced.”

The word “remarkable” is closest in meaning to __________.

All of the following are benefits from the urban renewal project EXCEPT that __________.

The recent floods are said to be caused by climate ________ in the northern hemisphere.