Read the following passage and choose the best answer (A, B, C, or D) to complete the passgae.

Nobody knows for certain what the (21)________ of music was. Music is certainly older than poetry and painting but as early man had no way of recording it, we can also guess what it sounded like. Watching a child banging on drum with his hands or a piece of wood, it is easy to see that this is the simplest of instruments. It does not (22) _________ much effort to product a rhythm on it.

Wall paintings show what some of the first instrument looked like. Early civilizations has already discovered the three basic (23) _________ of producing music: blowing into a tube, striking an object, and scraping a string. We know that western music comes from the (24) _________ Greeks. The musical scales we use now are (25) _________ on certain sequences of notes which the Greeks used to create a particular mood.

Until the sixteenth century, most players of instruments were performers, but as music became more widespread, orchestras and musical groups began to appear.This (26) _________ about the writing of music to be played by several musicians at one time. This can certainly be called the birth of modern music.

Without your help, I couldn’t overcome the problem.

=> If ..........................................................................................................

People think that Maradona is the best football player in the 20th century.

=> Maradona..............................................................................................

“I’m sorry, Angela, I’m afraid I’ve damaged your car,” said Martin.

=> Martin apologized................................................................................

The man works for my father's company. The man's daughter is fond of dancing. (relative clauses)

=> ...............................................................................................................

Although he was very tired, he agreed to help me with my homework.

=> Tired …………………………………………………………………..

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B ,C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

Harvard University, today recognized as part of the top echelon of the world's universities, came from very inauspicious and humble beginning.

This oldest of American universities was founded in 1636, just sixteen years after the Pilgrims landed at Plymouth. Included in the puritan emigrants to the Massachusetts colony during this period were more than 100 graduates of England's prestigious Oxford and Cambridge universities, and these universities graduates in the New Word were determined that their sons would have the same educational opportunities that they themselves had had, Because of this support in the colony for an institution of higher learning, the General Court of Massachusetts appropriated 400 pounds for a college in October of 1636 and early the following year decided on a parcel of land for the school; this land was in an area called Newetowne, which was later renamed Cambridge after its English cousin and is the site of the present-day university.

When a young minister named John Harvard, who came from the neighboring town of Charlestowne, died from tuberculosis in 1638, he willed half of his estate of 1,700 pounds to the fledgling college. In spite of the fact that only half of the bequest was actually paid, the General Court named the college after the minister in appreciation for what he had done. The amount of the bequest may not have been large, particularly by today's standard, but it was more than the General Court had found it necessary to appropriate in order to open the college.

Henry Dunster was appointed the first president of Harvard in 1640, and it should be noted that in addition to serving as president, he was also the entire faculty, with an entering freshmen class of four students. Although the staff did expand somewhat, for the first century of its existence the entire teaching staff consisted of the president and three or four tutors.

The pronoun "they" in the second paragraph refers to.............................................