Chương II Thông tư 01/2022/TT-BTNMT hướng dẫn Luật Bảo vệ môi trường: Đánh giá tác động, tính dễ bị tổn thương, rủi ro, tổn thất và thiệt hại do biến đổi khí hậu

Chapter II

ASSESSMENT OF IMPACTS, VULNERABILITY, RISKS, LOSS AND DAMAGE CAUSED BY CLIMATE CHANGE

Article 4. Assessment requirements

1. Assessment of impacts, vulnerability, risks, loss and damage caused by climate change (hereinafter referred to as “climate change impact assessment”) must be carried out in an objective manner and on scientific basis; adequately and consistently reflect the information and methods of assessment employed as well as assessment results.

2. Contents and procedures for climate change impact assessment set out in this Circular shall be complied.

Article 5. Information and data used for assessment

1. Updated climate change scenarios published by the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment of Vietnam, including the following maps and spatial and temporal information/data:

a) Temperature: including mean annual temperature, mean seasonal temperature, maximum temperature and minimum temperature;

b) Rainfall: including mean annual rainfall, mean seasonal rainfall; highest 1-day rainfall, highest 5-day rainfall, and number of days with rainfall greater than 50 mm;

c) Extreme climate events: including storms and tropical depression, monsoons, severe and harmful cold, heat waves, droughts and other extreme climate events.

d) Sea level rise: including sea level rise in coastal areas and islands, extreme sea level (including storm tide, coastal tide, and combination of storm surge and tide), and risk of flooding due to sea level rise;

dd) Other relevant information.

2. Past and present monitoring information/data on meteorological, hydrological, oceanographic and other extreme events.

3. Sectoral and socio-economic development strategies and plans.

4. Regulations on technical-economic norms, unit prices, and investment rates promulgated by competent authorities.

5. Statistical reporting data and relevant documents.

Article 6. Assessment contents

1. Contents of climate change impact assessment include:

a) Assessment of impacts of climate change on natural systems, including soil, water, minerals and forest resources, biodiversity, marine resources, islands and other resources and environmental factors;

b) Assessment of impacts of climate change on economic systems, including production, business and service provision activities, infrastructure facilities in the fields of agriculture, forestry, transport, construction and urban development, industry, energy, information and communication, tourism, commerce and services, and other relevant activities;

c) Assessment of impacts of climate change on social systems, including population distribution, housing and living conditions, medical services, healthcare, culture, education, vulnerable communities, gender and poverty reduction.

2. Assessment of impacts of climate change on a specific area or region should base on the assessment contents specified in Clause 1 of this Article.

Article 7. Assessment procedures

1. Determine assessment scope

a) Spatial scope is a geographic scope of a region subject to climate change impact assessment;

b) Temporal scope is the period of time over which the assessment is carried out, including the past and the future. The assessment period includes a period in the past of at least 5 years before the assessment date and a period in the future which is determined in conformity with the objectives of the assessment.

2. Determine subjects of the assessment, including: subjects of natural, economic and social systems as prescribed in Clause 1 Article 6 of this Circular.

3. Carry out analysis of climate change scenarios

Based on updated climate change scenarios published by the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment of Vietnam, determined scope and subjects of assessment, the following tasks will be performed:

a) Provide additional and/or detailed information and data on the scope and subjects of the assessment;

b) Carry out analysis of characteristics and trends of climate change;

c) Determine and analyze climate factors which are important to the subjects of assessment;

d) Make additional calculation of other relevant parameters serving the assessment.

4. Carry out analysis of socio-economic development forecasts

The analysis of sectoral and socio-economic development strategies and plans, and other relevant documents is carried out for the purposes of determining:

a) development objectives and orientations in the future of the assessment region or sector;

b) spatial scope and contents of development plans in the future related to the subjects of assessment.

5. Select assessment methods

a) The climate change impact assessment may be carried out using either quantitative or qualitative method. The quantitative method includes predictive modeling, map overlaying, rapid assessment and empirical statistics. The qualitative method includes evaluation matrix, checklist, network method, investigation and interview, professional solution and participatory assessment;

b) The vulnerability and risks of climate change shall be assessed adopting investigation and interview, consultation, empirical statistics, modeling or map overlaying method;

c) Loss and damage caused by climate change shall be assessed adopting methods for determining economic and non-economic loss and damage. Economic loss and damage may be determined adopting investigation and interview, statistics, or cost-benefit analysis method. Non-economic loss and damage may be determined adopting predictive modeling, analysis of general risk indicators or participatory assessment method;

d) The selection and application of any of the assessment methods specified in Points a, b, c of this Clause must be conformable with the subjects and scope of assessment; the ability to meet information requirements as well as data availability.

6. Assess the impacts of climate change

a) Identify, screen and determine types of climate change impacts based on assessment subjects, climate change scenarios and contents to be performed, including positive, negative, short-term and long-term effects;

b) Investigate, collect and consolidate information used for determining climate change impacts in the past, including information on natural, economic and social systems of the assessment subjects specified in Clause 1 Article 6 of this Circular.

c) Investigate, collect and consolidate information used for forecasting effects of climate change in the future, including data and maps of factors included in climate change scenarios; information and maps showing development plans (including land use maps, population and urban development plans, and infrastructure development plans), and other relevant information;

d) Analyze and determine positive, negative, short-term and long-term effects of climate change on assessment subjects.

7. Assess vulnerability and risks of climate change

a) Determine hazards to the assessment subjects on the basis of analysis of negative effects of climate change;

b) Determinate attribute components of hazards, exposure, sensitivity and adaptive capacity which must be suitable for the scope and subjects of assessment and ensure the representation and feasibility.

Attribute components of hazards shall be determined according to climate change factors (including temperature, rainfall, sea level rise, and extreme climate events) which may negatively affect the assessment subject.

Attribute components of exposure shall be determined according to the level of exposure (positions) of the assessment subject to negative effects of climate change.

Attribute components of sensitivity shall be determined according to climate factors which significantly affect the assessment subject.

Attribute components of adaptive capacity shall be determined according to the relevant organization's ability, technical and financial capacity, and other factors;

c) Investigate, collect and consolidate relevant information for determining attribute components of sensitivity, adaptive capacity, hazards and exposure;

d) Normalize values of the selected attribute components to 0-1 range. Each attribute component shall be normalized within the spatial scope and on the basis of positive or negative relationship between components to be normalized and the vulnerability or risk indicator for determining and employing appropriate normalization formula;

dd) Determine weighing factor of each attribute component based on the importance of that attribute component;

e) Determine the vulnerability based on the sensitivity and adaptive capacity; determine risks based on hazards, exposure and vulnerability. Detailed guidelines for selection and determination of attribute components of vulnerability and risks caused by climate change are provided in Appendix I.1 enclosed herewith;

g) Consolidate and, based on assessment values normalized to the 0-1 range, classify vulnerability and risks into 05 levels as follows: very low, low, average, high or very high;

h) Map the vulnerability and risks caused by climate change to each assessment subject for each type of hazards according to technical regulations on measurement and mapping.

8. Assess loss and damage caused by climate change

a) Determine economic and non-economic loss and damage to natural, economic and social systems following to the rule that loss and damage must be identifiable, direct and measured in terms of volume and extent of loss and damage.

Economic loss and damage shall be applied to the economic system, including attribute components of production, trading and services, infrastructure facilities, housing and property, income, employment and others.

Non-economic loss and damage shall be applied to natural and social systems. With regard to natural system, attribute components include land loss due to flooding, landslides, soil salinity, biodiversity loss, ecosystem decline and others. With regard to social system, attribute components include damage to people, health, traditional knowledge, cultural heritage and others;

b) Investigate, collect and consolidate information/data on loss and damage caused by climate change in the past. Information/data to be investigated and collected include occurrence time, volume, level/extent of damage, remedial costs and other relevant information;

c) Investigate, collect and consolidate information/data on loss and damage caused by climate change in the future for the periods determined according to assessment objectives. Information/data to be investigated and collected include estimated volume, level/extent of loss and damage;

d) Calculate and analyze economic loss and damage in the past and in the future according to subjects, and loss and damage components determined.

Value of loss or damage to each attribute component shall be calculated adopting the following formula:

L = D x C

Where:

L is the value of loss or damage in cash (VND);

D is the volume of loss or damage;

C is the price or costs of restoring a loss or damage unit to initial state before it has been affected by climate change.

Values of loss and damage in the past and in the future should be converted into equivalent values at the assessment time using an appropriate discount ate. The discount rate shall be selected on the basis of the real return of a market investment, inflation rate and risk offsetting rate. Average values of these rates shall be calculated on the basis of data obtained in the period of at least 05 years before the assessment date;

dd) Analyze economic loss and damage in the past and in the future according to subjects and loss and damage components through description and assessment of determined loss and damage types;

e) Consolidate results and determine economic and non-economic loss and damage to the assessment subject;

g) Detailed guidelines for determination of loss and damage caused by climate change are provided in Appendix I.2 enclosed herewith.

9. Prepare reports on climate change impact assessment.

Article 8. Assessment reports

1. Reports on climate change impact assessment shall be prepared using the form in Appendix I.3 enclosed herewith.

2. A report on climate change impact assessment shall, inter alia, include the following information:

a) Objectives, contents, subject, scope and method of assessment;

b) Characteristics of the assessment region and subject;

c) Analysis of climate change scenarios;

d) Analysis of socio-economic development forecasts and other relevant documents;

dd) Assessment results of affects of climate change, vulnerability, risks and loss and damage caused by climate change;

e) Proposed climate change adaptation solutions.

2. Agencies or organizations that carry out the assessment shall publish reports on climate change impact assessment on their websites.