Read the following passage and mark A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the blanks from 31 to 35.

British families started going on holiday to the seaside around the middle of the 19th century. The invention of the railways made this possible. The first holidaymakers were quite rich and went for their health and education. The seaside was a place to be (31)______ of illnesses, and doctors recommended bathing in the sea and drinking sea water. Also to increase their knowledge, families attended concerts and read books from libraries.

At that time, ordinary working people had very little time (32)______. However, in 1871, the government introduce four “Bank Holidays” – national holiday days. This allowed people to have a day or two out, which now and then gave them a taste for leisure and the seaside. At first they went on day-trips, taking (33)______ of special cheap tickets on the railways. By the 1880s, rising incomes meant many ordinary workers and their families could have a week’s holiday at the seaside. Rail fares were reduced and cheap hotels were built to (34)______ them. Holidaymakers enjoyed being idle, sitting on the beach, bathing in the sea, and eating ice-cream. Cheap entertainment was (35)______ offer and holidaymakers went to have fun.

Today, the English seaside remained popular, with more than 18 million holidays taken there each year.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best option for each of the blanks from 11 to 15.

Women are much healthier when they (11) ______ it easy, reveals a new survey. Those who work long hours are more likely than men to (12) ______ in unhealthy behavior such as eating snacks, smoking and drinking caffeine. (Long hours have no such impact on men). One positive benefit of long hours for both sexes, however, is that alcohol (13) ______ is reduced.

The study (14)______ by the Economic and Social Research Council is part of a wider study by psychologists from the University of Leeds into the effects of stress on eating. “Stress causes people to (15) ______ for unhealthy high fat and high-sugar snacks in preference to healthier food choice” says researcher

Dr. Daryl of the University of Leeds.

Read the following passage and mark A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the blanks from 36 to 40.

From a very early age, it was apparent that Magnus Carlen was a brilliant chess player. By the age of 13, Magnus was (36) __________ to be one of the best chess players in the world, and his parents wanted him to reach his full potential as a professional chess player.

This meant their son had to develop a lifestyle of strict (37) _________ which included many hours of practice. Only this way could he become a world champion. (38) _________ Magnus's parents supported him, they did not want him to devote his whole life to chess. They felt that if he focused only on chess, he would suffer both physically and emotionally. They made it clear to him that thay had no intention of letting their son drop out of school. He was also encouraged to follow his interest in sports. As a result of his (39)________, when Magnus graduated from high school in 2009, he was not only the best chess player in the world, but he was also awarded the title of "sport-student of the year" for his achievements in snowboarding and golf.

Today, Magnus gives credit to his parents for the way they raised him. They set rules, but they never (40)________ with his ambitions. Instead they gave him the support and encouragement he needed to achieve his goals and still be a happy young man.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 26 to 30.

New cycling schemes

The County Council has decided to give a higher priority to cycling and agreed a new strategy to guide the way ahead in East Sussex

Cycling is a (26) ______, healthy and environmentally friendly form of transport. It is intended to make it safer, more convenient, and to increase the proportion of journeys made by bicycle.

Cycling is being encouraged both for utility purposes (such as journeys to work, school and the shops) and for recreation trips for exercise and enjoyment, including longer trips by tour. Recent cycle schemes carried out in conjunction with District Councils and other bodies (27) ______ the Brighton and Hove seafront route and the Cross Levels Way cycle route, in Eastbourne.

Local people will be consulted as the strategy is implemented. The County council will work with local cycling and other groups, and a countrywide Cycling Forum will be formed to (28) ______ that all bodies concerned with cycling are in regular (29)______.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 1 to 5.

A rainbow is an optical display of color that usually appears in the sky when a beam of sunlight refracts through millions of raindrops. Each (1)________ color from the spectrum is then sent to your eyes. For this to happen, the angle between the ray of light, the raindrop and the human eye must be between 40 and 42 degrees.

After studying rainbows in (2)________, Sir Isaac Newton was able to explain how they are formed. However, he was color blind, so he had to rely on the eyes of his assistant, who could easily (3)________all the seven colors: red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo and violet. His assistant could also clearly tell the difference between indigo and violet

There are two types of rainbows. Primary rainbows are the most common and have the most distinctive colors, with red appearing on the outside of the arc and violet on the inside. Secondary rainbows are unusual because the light is reflected twice within the raindrop before it (4)________ a rainbow, so the colors are in reverse order and not as bright as primary rainbows.

There is a popular myth that if you reach the end of a rainbow, you will find a pot of gold waiting for you. In fact, it is impossible to do this, because a rainbow has no end - as you go towards the point where the rainbow seems to touch the ground, it moves away from you as quickly as you (5)________.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 46 to 50.

We all want to live in a clean and green world and breathe pollution free air. For this kind of environment we desperately need a fossil fuel free world. Scientists are toiling hard to come up (46)______ alternative fuels which can replace conventional fuels. One such study was presented at the 237th National Meeting of the American Chemical Society. This study throws interesting light on the first economical, eco-friendly process to (47)______ algae oil into biodiesel fuel. The scientists are quite hopeful that one day America will become independent (48)______ fossil fuels. Ben Wen is the (49)______ researcher and vice president of United Environment and Energy LLC, Horseheads, N.Y. According to him, “This is the first economical way to produce biodiesel from algae oil. It costs much less than conventional processes because you would need a much smaller factory, there (50)______ no water disposal costs, and the process is considerably faster.”

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 21 to 25.

I had never been to Denmark before, so when I set out to catch the ferry in early May, I little suspected that by the end of the trip I'd have made such lasting friendships. Esjberg is a (21)_____port for a cyclist's arrival, where tourist information can be obtained and money changed. A cycle track leads (22)________town and down to Ribe, where I spent my first night. The only appointment I had to keep was a meeting with a friend who was flying out in June. I wanted to use my time well, so I had planned a route which would include several small islands and various parts of the countryside.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best option for each of the blanks from 6 to 10.

YOGA

Yoga is one of the most ancient forms of exercise, originating in India 5000 years ago. Yoga has taken several years to become recognised world-wide, although recently, much more attention has been (6)______ to it because of the ways in which it can benefit health. Yoga can be practised by anyone, at any age, in any physical condition, depending on physical needs. For example, athletes and dancers can practise it to (7)______their energy and to improve stamina; executives to give a much needed (8)______ to their overworked minds; children to improve their memory and concentration.

It's a good idea to (9)______with a doctor first if you've suffered from any type of injury. None of the exercises should (10)______   you any pain, but it's best to start slowly at first. The best time to practise is either in the morning or in the evening. Beginners find it easier in the evening when the body is more supple