Choose the word that is CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined part in each of the sentences below

We should cut down on the use of fossil fuels to help solve the problem of global warming.

The refuse collectors often work at night or even at midnight because they            take for keeping the city clean and beautiful.

             are people who always expect good things to happen.

Read the passage and choose the best answer to each of the questions that follow

Almost everyone who studies, lives or works abroad has problems adjusting to a new culture. This response is commonly referred to as 'culture shock'. Culture shock can be defined as 'the physical and emotional discomfort a person experiences when entering a culture different from their own'.

For people moving to Australia, Price (2001) has identified certain values which may give rise to culture shock. Firstly, he argues that Australians place a high value on independence and personal choice. This means that a teacher or course tutor will not tell students what to do, but will give them a number of options and suggest they work out which one is the best in their circumstances. It also means that they are expected to take action if something goes wrong and seek out resources and support for themselves.

Australians are also prepared to accept a range of opinions rather than believing there is one truth. This means that in an educational setting, students will be expected to form their own opinions and defend the reasons for that point of view and the evidence for it.

Price also comments that Australians are uncomfortable with differences in status and hence idealise the idea of treating everyone equally. An illustration of this is that most adult Australians call each other by their first names. This concern with equality means that Australians are uncomfortable taking anything too seriously and are even ready to joke about themselves.

Australians believe that life should have a balance between work and leisure time. As a consequence, some students may be critical of others who they perceive as doing nothing but study.

Australian notions of privacy mean that areas such as financial matters, appearance and relationships are only discussed with close friends. While people may volunteer such information, they may resent someone actually asking them unless the friendship is firmly established. Even then, it is considered very impolite to ask someone what they earn. With older people, it is also rude to ask how old they are, why they are not married or why they do not have children.

We can infer from paragraph 2 that             .

Choose the answer that best fits in each gap in the text below

Most people associate the company Michelin with car tyres, guide books and stars for quality restaurants. However, the French tyre maker is now helping ships to be more environmentally friendly. The company has tested giant sails (3)          it hopes will make shipping greener. Shipping currently produces a lot of carbon dioxide (4)            oil tankers, container ships and giant cruise ships rely on fossil fuels to move around the world's oceans. Experts say the industry produces around 940 million tons of CO2 annually, and that it is (5)           for about 2.5 per cent of the world's greenhouse gasses. Michelin's engineers say their revolutionary new sails could reduce the amount of CO2 produced by the shipping industry by 20 per cent.

Michelin is using the ancient technology of sails to (6)           the most urgent problem facing the world today - climate change. Boats have used sails for 5,000 years to cross oceans or travel along rivers. The new Michelin sails are different. They are inflatable. This means a ship's crew can fill the sails with air to inflate them to full size. The sails can be deflated quickly if a ship needs to sail under a low bridge. A company spokesperson said: "Our aim is to contribute (7)           the de-carbonization of maritime transport." He added that the good thing about wind is that it is a free fuel.

The company has tested giant sails (3)           it hopes will make shipping greener.

We should use recycled materials            this will help to save energy.

Laura, (A)who father is an excellent tennis (B)player, (C)has been playing tennis (D)for ten years.

Cultural diversity (A)is important (B)because our country, workplaces, and schools increasingly (C)consist of various (D)culture, racial and ethnic groups.

Edison was an American inventor who was famous            thousands of inventions that changed the world.

She started working as a journalist 5 years ago.

"Thank you for taking the time to come here in person." - "             "

The comedy show was so funny. All the audience burst out laughing.

By the end of this month, Joe            for Mr. Parker for six years.

What does the word they in paragraph 2 refer to?

Choose the word that is OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined part in each of the sentences below

In some countries, the disease burden can be prevented through environmental improvements.