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Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

   Millions of people are using cellphones today. In many places, it is actually considered unusual not to use one. In many countries, cellphones are very popular with young people. They find that the phones are more than a means of communication - having a mobile phone shows that they are cool and connected.

   The explosion in mobile phone use around the world has made some health professionals worried. Some doctors are concerned that in the future many people may suffer health problems from the use of mobile phones. In England, there has been a serious debate about this issue. Mobile phone companies are worried about the negative publicity of such ideas. They say that there is no proof that mobile phones are bad for your health.

   On the other hand, medical studies have shown changes in the brain cells of some people who use mobile phones. Signs of change in the tissues of the brain and head can be detected with modern scanning equipment. In one case, a traveling salesman had to retire at young age because of serious memory loss. He couldn't remember even simple tasks. He would often forget the name of his own son. This man used to talk on his mobile phone for about six hours a day, every day of his working week, for a couple of years. His family doctor blamed his mobile phone use, but his employer's doctor didn't agree.

   What is it that makes mobile phones potentially harmful? The answer is radiation. High-tech machines can detect very small amounts of radiation from mobile phones. Mobile phone companies agree that there is some radiation, but they say the amount is too small to worry about.

   As the discussion about their safety continues, it appears that it's best to use mobile phones less often. Use your regular phone if you want to talk for a long time. Use your mobile phone only when you really need it. Mobile phones can be very useful and convenient, especially in emergencies. In the future, mobile phones may have a warning label that says they are bad for your health. So for now, it's wise not to use your mobile phone too often.

Question: The word “they” in paragraph 2 refers to _______.

Read the passage and choose the correct answer to each question.

      We will probably never know who first sold a beef inside a bun, but there are lots of contenders for having invented something similar.

      Genghis Khan and his army of Mongol horsemen used to snack on raw beef which they kept underneath their saddles. They also ground meat from lamb or mutton. This was fast food for busy warriors on horseback at that time. When theMongols invaded Russia, the snack became known as “Steak Tartare”. In the 17thand 18th centuries trade between Germany and Russia gave rise to the “Tartare steak”, while the “Hamburg steak” became popular with German sailors along the New York City harbor.

      It’s speculated that the first “Hamburger steak” was served at Delmonico’s Restaurant in New York City in 1834, but not in a bun. In 1885 Charlie “Hamburger” Nagreen served flattened meatballs between two slices of bread. As late as 1904 Fletcher Davis of Athens, Texas, attracted much attention when he sold his hamburgers at the St. Louis World’s Fair. Davis’s claim to having originated the hamburger has been supported by both McDonalds and Dairy Queen.

      Brothers Frank and Charles Menches may also have made a major contribution to hamburger history: they sold ground pork sandwiches at the Erie Country Fair in New York, but one day in 1885, they were forced to use chopped beef because their butcher had run out of pork. They mixed in some coffee and brown sugar to beef p the taste and sold their “Hamburger Sandwiches”. The name “Hamburger” came from Hamburg, New York, the location of the fair.

1.   What was the Menches’ contribution to hamburger history?

London is the capital of the United Kingdom. It is one of the world's great cosmopolitan cities. The city has more than 50 ethnic communities of 10,000 or more people. Its population is more than 8 millions. About 70 different national cuisines are available

London has a great number of important buildings, including world-famous museums, theatres concert halls airports, railway stations and palaces. There are places that you must see when you are in the city, such as the Tower Bridge and the Tower of London.

The Tower Bridge on the river Thames is drawbridge. It means that it can be opened. Near the Tower Bridge, you can see The Tower of London. It was a prison, palace of execution and now it's a showcase for the Crown Jewels.

Another interesting place is the St. Paul's Cathedral, which is located in the center of the city. St. Paul's Cathedral is the place of many important events, for example, the Royal wedding of Prince Charles and Lady Diana. But you can't forget about Buckingham Palace which is the official London residence of the Queen and the Royal Family.

One of the most well known galleries is the National Gallery, which has one of the greatest collections of European painting in the world. The paintings of the National gallery were painted from 1250 to 1900, the collections includes work by Botticelli, Leonardo Da Vinci, Rembrandt, Turner, Cezanne and Van Gogh. If you are tired, go and relax at Hyde Park. You want to have some fun? Visit the Madame Tussauds wax museum or the room of Sherlock Holmes at 21 Baker Street.

How many ethnic communities in London?

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 26 to 30.

Just as people have altered their skin’s color to (26)______ wealth and beauty, some cultures around the globe marked their skin to indicate cultural identity or community status. Tattooing, for example, has been carried out for thousands of years. Leaders in places including ancient Egypt, Peru and Britain wore tattoos to mark their status, or their bravery.

In Japan, tattooing has been practiced since around the fifth century B.C. The government made tattooing illegal in 1870 and (27)______ there are no laws against it, tattoos are still strongly associated with criminals – particularly the yakuza, or Japanese mafia,(28)______ are known for their full-body tattoos. The complex design of a yakuza member’s tattoo usually includes symbols of character (29)______ that wearer wants to have.

Not (30)_____ skin markings are permanent, though. In countries such as Morocco and India, women decorate their skin with colorful henna designs for celebrations such as weddings and important religious holidays. The henna coloring, which comes from a plant, fades and disappears over time

Just as people have altered their skin’s color to (26)______ wealth and beauty, some cultures around the globe marked their skin to indicate cultural identity or community status

(Adapted from Reading Explorer 3 by Nancy Douglas)