In paragraph 2, the word endeavor is closest in meaning to _______.

In paragraph 1, the word arduous is closest in meaning to _______.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 44 to 50

      A large number of inventions require years of arduous research and development before they are perfected. For instance, Thomas Edison had to make more than 1,000 attempts to invent the incandescent light bulb before he finally succeeded. History is replete with numerous other examples of people trying, yet failing to make inventions before they eventually succeeded. Yet some inventions have come about not through hard work but simply by accident.

      In most cases, when someone unintentionally invented something, the inventor was attempting to create something else. For example, in the 1930s, chemist Roy Plunkett was attempting to make a new substance that could be used to refrigerate items. He mixed some chemicals together. Then, he put them into a pressurized container and cooled the mixture. By the time his experiment was complete, he had a new invention. It was not a new substance that could be used for refrigeration though. Instead, he had invented Teflon, which is today most commonly used to make nonstick pots and pans. Similarly, decades earlier, John Pemberton was a pharmacist in Atlanta, Georgia. He was attempting to create a tonic that people could use whenever they had headaches. While he was not successful in that endeavor, he managed to invent Coca - Cola, the world - famous carbonated soft drink.

      Scientists have also made crucial discoveries by accident when they were conducting experiments. In 1928, Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin, an antibiotic, in this manner. He discovered some mold growing in a dish with some bacteria. He noticed that the bacteria seemed to be avoiding the mold. When he investigated further, he determined some of the many useful properties of penicillin, which has saved millions of lives over the past few decades. Likewise, in 1946, scientist Percy Spencer was conducting an experiment with microwaves. He had a candy bar in his pocket, and he noticed that it suddenly melted. He investigated and learned the reason why that had happened. Soon afterward, he built a device that could utilize microwaves to heat food: the microwave oven.

(Adapted from https://oureverydaylife.com/)

The word “company” in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to __________.

What was keeping Martha inside?

The word “grumpy” in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to __________.

Hans told us about his investing in the company. He did it on his arrival at the meeting.

While many people moved to big cities with a view to turning over a new leaf some people flew the big cities in search of the rural idyll.

The last time I saw Peter was when I ran into him at the station on my way to Glasgow.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the following questions.

American children customarily go trick-or-treating on Halloween.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word in each of the following questions.

We managed to get to school in time despite the heavy rain.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.

Peter and Dane are talking about environmental protection.

- Peter: “We should limit the use of plastic bags.”

- Dane: “ _____________. We can use paper bags instead.”

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that best completes each of the following exchanges.

Now that he is trained, he hopes to earn her living as a ________ in an office.

The ships had their days of __________ in the 1840s and 1850s.

The ships had their days of __________ in the 1840s and 1850s.

She expects that her presentation __________ by many people.

She ________ 20 pounds out of the bank every Monday.

All her life she had a _______ trust in other people.

We wish _______ to college next year.

She __________ her job as an event manager to become a self-employed baker.

Students are restrained from eating bananas prior to an exam for __________ of failing 'like sliding on a banana skin'.