Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the following numbered blanks. Development economics is the branch of economics that focuses on the special (28) ________ problems faced (29) _________ poor and underdeveloped countries. (30) ________ classical economics, development economics studies the social and political factors that affect economic growth. It addresses the problem of the Third World debt and the role of the World Bank and International Monetary Fund in continuing that debt with strict repayment rules. Scholars in the field have proposed that the best long-term solution (31) __________ to excuse much of the debt. Debtor nations also must be helped to establish stable governments and self-sustaining economies. The goal is to help them become trading partners with creditor nations. An important means to that end is to (32) _________ the growth of a strong middle class. Some ways to do that include guaranteeing education for all, allowing free trade, and providing medical care. Governments must allow for elected representatives and independent court systems

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the following numbered blanks.

          Development economics is the branch of economics that focuses on the special (28) ________ problems faced (29) _________ poor and underdeveloped countries. (30) ________ classical economics, development economics studies the social and political factors that affect economic growth. It addresses the problem of the Third World debt and the role of the World Bank and International Monetary Fund in continuing that debt with strict repayment rules. Scholars in the field have proposed that the best long-term solution (31) __________ to excuse much of the debt. Debtor nations also must be helped to establish stable governments and self-sustaining economies. The goal is to help them become trading partners with creditor nations. An important means to that end is to (32) _________ the growth of a strong middle class. Some ways to do that include guaranteeing education for all, allowing free trade, and providing medical care. Governments must allow for elected representatives and independent court systems

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the following questions

"Get away now or I will call the police", shouted the girl to the man.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the following questions

Many people believe that doing sports is a good way to lose weight.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the following questions

It is essential that you attend the class regularly

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions

They were fortunate ___________ from the fire before the building collapsed

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions

What _______ at 8 o'clock last night? I phoned you but couldn't get through to you

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions

Charles is very keen __________ collecting stamps in his leisure time.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions

Melisa works hard _________ her brother is very lazy

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions

: I can't _________ what James is doing because it is so dark down there. 

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions

Like many countryside people, I __________ a glass of green tea every morning

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions

Even though she was _________ the other girls, Jenny didn't win the beauty contest

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions

If Joan had done as I told her, I think she ___________

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions

__________ tired, you should go to bed early

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions

Contagious diseases like Covid-19 _________ big problem facing human beings

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions

At the centre of the Earth's solar system ________.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions

The officer __________ Linda on the highway gave her a ticket for speeding.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions

Jack was ___________ envy when his colleagues drove up in a brand-new BMV

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions

While many people choose to watch films at ________ home, I prefer going to _______ cinema

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions

Certain groups of people are not given work ________ their race or religion.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best completes each of the following exchanges

- Jim: "Would you like to do something interesting tomorrow?"

- Jane: “___________”

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best completes each of the following exchanges

- Jenny: "Are you going to see the movie "Kieu" today?"

- Jack: “____________”

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions. 

     All North American canids have a doglike appearance characterized by a graceful body, long muzzle, erect ears, slender legs, and bushy tail. Most are social animals that travel and hunt in groups or pairs. After years of persecution by humans, the populations of most North American canids, especially wolves and foxes, have decreased greatly. The coyote, however, has thrived alongside humans, increasing in both numbers and range. 

     Its common name comes from coyotl, the term used by Mexico's Nahuatl Indians, and its scientific name, canis latrans, means "barking dog." The coyote's vocalizations are varied, but the most distinctive are given at dusk, dawn, or during the night and consists of a series of barks followed by a prolonged howl and ending with a short, sharp yap. This call keeps the band alert to the locations of its members. One voice usually prompts others to join in, resulting in the familiar chorus heard at night throughout the west. 

     The best runner among the canids, the coyote is able to leap fourteen feet and cruise normally at 25-30 miles per hour. It is a strong swimmer and does not hesitate to enter water after prey. In feeding, the coyote is an opportunist, eating rabbits, mice, ground squirrels, birds, snakes, insects, many kinds of fruit, and carrion - whatever is available. To catch larger prey, such as deer or antelope, the coyote may team up with one or two others, running in relays to tire prey or waiting in ambush while others chase prey toward it. Often a badger serves as involuntary supplier of smaller prey: while it digs for rodents at one end of their burrow, the coyote waits for any that may emerge from an escape hole at the other end. 

          Predators of the coyote once included the grizzly and black bears, the mountain lion, and the wolf, but their declining populations make them no longer a threat. Man is the major enemy, especially since coyote pelts have become increasingly valuable, yet the coyote population continues to grow, despite efforts at trapping and poisoning

It can be inferred from the passage that _________.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions. 

     All North American canids have a doglike appearance characterized by a graceful body, long muzzle, erect ears, slender legs, and bushy tail. Most are social animals that travel and hunt in groups or pairs. After years of persecution by humans, the populations of most North American canids, especially wolves and foxes, have decreased greatly. The coyote, however, has thrived alongside humans, increasing in both numbers and range. 

     Its common name comes from coyotl, the term used by Mexico's Nahuatl Indians, and its scientific name, canis latrans, means "barking dog." The coyote's vocalizations are varied, but the most distinctive are given at dusk, dawn, or during the night and consists of a series of barks followed by a prolonged howl and ending with a short, sharp yap. This call keeps the band alert to the locations of its members. One voice usually prompts others to join in, resulting in the familiar chorus heard at night throughout the west. 

     The best runner among the canids, the coyote is able to leap fourteen feet and cruise normally at 25-30 miles per hour. It is a strong swimmer and does not hesitate to enter water after prey. In feeding, the coyote is an opportunist, eating rabbits, mice, ground squirrels, birds, snakes, insects, many kinds of fruit, and carrion - whatever is available. To catch larger prey, such as deer or antelope, the coyote may team up with one or two others, running in relays to tire prey or waiting in ambush while others chase prey toward it. Often a badger serves as involuntary supplier of smaller prey: while it digs for rodents at one end of their burrow, the coyote waits for any that may emerge from an escape hole at the other end. 

          Predators of the coyote once included the grizzly and black bears, the mountain lion, and the wolf, but their declining populations make them no longer a threat. Man is the major enemy, especially since coyote pelts have become increasingly valuable, yet the coyote population continues to grow, despite efforts at trapping and poisoning

The author makes the point that the chief predator of the coyote is __________

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions. 

     All North American canids have a doglike appearance characterized by a graceful body, long muzzle, erect ears, slender legs, and bushy tail. Most are social animals that travel and hunt in groups or pairs. After years of persecution by humans, the populations of most North American canids, especially wolves and foxes, have decreased greatly. The coyote, however, has thrived alongside humans, increasing in both numbers and range. 

     Its common name comes from coyotl, the term used by Mexico's Nahuatl Indians, and its scientific name, canis latrans, means "barking dog." The coyote's vocalizations are varied, but the most distinctive are given at dusk, dawn, or during the night and consists of a series of barks followed by a prolonged howl and ending with a short, sharp yap. This call keeps the band alert to the locations of its members. One voice usually prompts others to join in, resulting in the familiar chorus heard at night throughout the west. 

     The best runner among the canids, the coyote is able to leap fourteen feet and cruise normally at 25-30 miles per hour. It is a strong swimmer and does not hesitate to enter water after prey. In feeding, the coyote is an opportunist, eating rabbits, mice, ground squirrels, birds, snakes, insects, many kinds of fruit, and carrion - whatever is available. To catch larger prey, such as deer or antelope, the coyote may team up with one or two others, running in relays to tire prey or waiting in ambush while others chase prey toward it. Often a badger serves as involuntary supplier of smaller prey: while it digs for rodents at one end of their burrow, the coyote waits for any that may emerge from an escape hole at the other end. 

          Predators of the coyote once included the grizzly and black bears, the mountain lion, and the wolf, but their declining populations make them no longer a threat. Man is the major enemy, especially since coyote pelts have become increasingly valuable, yet the coyote population continues to grow, despite efforts at trapping and poisoning

The word "any” in paragraph 3 refers to __________.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions. 

     All North American canids have a doglike appearance characterized by a graceful body, long muzzle, erect ears, slender legs, and bushy tail. Most are social animals that travel and hunt in groups or pairs. After years of persecution by humans, the populations of most North American canids, especially wolves and foxes, have decreased greatly. The coyote, however, has thrived alongside humans, increasing in both numbers and range. 

     Its common name comes from coyotl, the term used by Mexico's Nahuatl Indians, and its scientific name, canis latrans, means "barking dog." The coyote's vocalizations are varied, but the most distinctive are given at dusk, dawn, or during the night and consists of a series of barks followed by a prolonged howl and ending with a short, sharp yap. This call keeps the band alert to the locations of its members. One voice usually prompts others to join in, resulting in the familiar chorus heard at night throughout the west. 

     The best runner among the canids, the coyote is able to leap fourteen feet and cruise normally at 25-30 miles per hour. It is a strong swimmer and does not hesitate to enter water after prey. In feeding, the coyote is an opportunist, eating rabbits, mice, ground squirrels, birds, snakes, insects, many kinds of fruit, and carrion - whatever is available. To catch larger prey, such as deer or antelope, the coyote may team up with one or two others, running in relays to tire prey or waiting in ambush while others chase prey toward it. Often a badger serves as involuntary supplier of smaller prey: while it digs for rodents at one end of their burrow, the coyote waits for any that may emerge from an escape hole at the other end. 

          Predators of the coyote once included the grizzly and black bears, the mountain lion, and the wolf, but their declining populations make them no longer a threat. Man is the major enemy, especially since coyote pelts have become increasingly valuable, yet the coyote population continues to grow, despite efforts at trapping and poisoning

 The word "opportunist" in paragraph 3 means the one who __________.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions. 

     All North American canids have a doglike appearance characterized by a graceful body, long muzzle, erect ears, slender legs, and bushy tail. Most are social animals that travel and hunt in groups or pairs. After years of persecution by humans, the populations of most North American canids, especially wolves and foxes, have decreased greatly. The coyote, however, has thrived alongside humans, increasing in both numbers and range. 

     Its common name comes from coyotl, the term used by Mexico's Nahuatl Indians, and its scientific name, canis latrans, means "barking dog." The coyote's vocalizations are varied, but the most distinctive are given at dusk, dawn, or during the night and consists of a series of barks followed by a prolonged howl and ending with a short, sharp yap. This call keeps the band alert to the locations of its members. One voice usually prompts others to join in, resulting in the familiar chorus heard at night throughout the west. 

     The best runner among the canids, the coyote is able to leap fourteen feet and cruise normally at 25-30 miles per hour. It is a strong swimmer and does not hesitate to enter water after prey. In feeding, the coyote is an opportunist, eating rabbits, mice, ground squirrels, birds, snakes, insects, many kinds of fruit, and carrion - whatever is available. To catch larger prey, such as deer or antelope, the coyote may team up with one or two others, running in relays to tire prey or waiting in ambush while others chase prey toward it. Often a badger serves as involuntary supplier of smaller prey: while it digs for rodents at one end of their burrow, the coyote waits for any that may emerge from an escape hole at the other end. 

          Predators of the coyote once included the grizzly and black bears, the mountain lion, and the wolf, but their declining populations make them no longer a threat. Man is the major enemy, especially since coyote pelts have become increasingly valuable, yet the coyote population continues to grow, despite efforts at trapping and poisoning

The word "band" in paragraph 2 could best be replaced by __________.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions. 

     All North American canids have a doglike appearance characterized by a graceful body, long muzzle, erect ears, slender legs, and bushy tail. Most are social animals that travel and hunt in groups or pairs. After years of persecution by humans, the populations of most North American canids, especially wolves and foxes, have decreased greatly. The coyote, however, has thrived alongside humans, increasing in both numbers and range. 

     Its common name comes from coyotl, the term used by Mexico's Nahuatl Indians, and its scientific name, canis latrans, means "barking dog." The coyote's vocalizations are varied, but the most distinctive are given at dusk, dawn, or during the night and consists of a series of barks followed by a prolonged howl and ending with a short, sharp yap. This call keeps the band alert to the locations of its members. One voice usually prompts others to join in, resulting in the familiar chorus heard at night throughout the west. 

     The best runner among the canids, the coyote is able to leap fourteen feet and cruise normally at 25-30 miles per hour. It is a strong swimmer and does not hesitate to enter water after prey. In feeding, the coyote is an opportunist, eating rabbits, mice, ground squirrels, birds, snakes, insects, many kinds of fruit, and carrion - whatever is available. To catch larger prey, such as deer or antelope, the coyote may team up with one or two others, running in relays to tire prey or waiting in ambush while others chase prey toward it. Often a badger serves as involuntary supplier of smaller prey: while it digs for rodents at one end of their burrow, the coyote waits for any that may emerge from an escape hole at the other end. 

          Predators of the coyote once included the grizzly and black bears, the mountain lion, and the wolf, but their declining populations make them no longer a threat. Man is the major enemy, especially since coyote pelts have become increasingly valuable, yet the coyote population continues to grow, despite efforts at trapping and poisoning

The author mentions wolves and foxes as examples of _________

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions. 

     All North American canids have a doglike appearance characterized by a graceful body, long muzzle, erect ears, slender legs, and bushy tail. Most are social animals that travel and hunt in groups or pairs. After years of persecution by humans, the populations of most North American canids, especially wolves and foxes, have decreased greatly. The coyote, however, has thrived alongside humans, increasing in both numbers and range. 

     Its common name comes from coyotl, the term used by Mexico's Nahuatl Indians, and its scientific name, canis latrans, means "barking dog." The coyote's vocalizations are varied, but the most distinctive are given at dusk, dawn, or during the night and consists of a series of barks followed by a prolonged howl and ending with a short, sharp yap. This call keeps the band alert to the locations of its members. One voice usually prompts others to join in, resulting in the familiar chorus heard at night throughout the west. 

     The best runner among the canids, the coyote is able to leap fourteen feet and cruise normally at 25-30 miles per hour. It is a strong swimmer and does not hesitate to enter water after prey. In feeding, the coyote is an opportunist, eating rabbits, mice, ground squirrels, birds, snakes, insects, many kinds of fruit, and carrion - whatever is available. To catch larger prey, such as deer or antelope, the coyote may team up with one or two others, running in relays to tire prey or waiting in ambush while others chase prey toward it. Often a badger serves as involuntary supplier of smaller prey: while it digs for rodents at one end of their burrow, the coyote waits for any that may emerge from an escape hole at the other end. 

          Predators of the coyote once included the grizzly and black bears, the mountain lion, and the wolf, but their declining populations make them no longer a threat. Man is the major enemy, especially since coyote pelts have become increasingly valuable, yet the coyote population continues to grow, despite efforts at trapping and poisoning

The passage supports all of the following statements EXCEPT _________

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word that differs from the other three in the position of primary stress in each of the following questions

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word that differs from the other three in the position of primary stress in each of the following questions

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best completes each of the following exchanges

Mary: “Why are there generally so few women in top positions?” - Peter: “ ________

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best completes each of the following exchanges

Mai: “Don’t forget to send your parents my regards.” - Nga: “________”

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions. 

     During times of crisis, people find themselves faced with lifestyle changes. One of the earliest and most noticeable changes seen during the Covid-19 lockdown was how we consume media-and especially how we read. 

     People tend to find comfort in certain books, and reading habits and genre preferences can change during periods of stress. This helps to explain why much genre fiction has roots in times of significant social, political or economic upheaval. Gothic literature is, in part, a British Protestant response to the French Revolution. 

     Respondents generally reported that they were reading more than usual. This was largely due to having more free time (due to being furloughed, or not having a commute or the usual social obligation or leisure activities). This increased reading volume was complicated for those with caring responsibilities. Many people with children reported that their reading time had increased generally because of their shared reading with children, but had less time than normal for personal reading. Reading frequency was further complicated by a quality vs. quantity snag. People spent more time reading and seeking escape, but an inability to concentrate meant they made less progress than usual. In short, people spent more time reading but the volume they read was less. 

          Unsurprisingly, lockdown also made re-reading a physical necessity for some. Some respondents noted how they were unable to visit the library or browse at the bookshop for new books. Others reported that they simply wished to save money. On the other hand, the participants who reported re- reading less than normal during the lockdown period wanted to use their newfound time to seek out new topics and genres

According to paragraph 4, which of the following is the reason why people re-read more during lockdown? 

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions. 

     During times of crisis, people find themselves faced with lifestyle changes. One of the earliest and most noticeable changes seen during the Covid-19 lockdown was how we consume media-and especially how we read. 

     People tend to find comfort in certain books, and reading habits and genre preferences can change during periods of stress. This helps to explain why much genre fiction has roots in times of significant social, political or economic upheaval. Gothic literature is, in part, a British Protestant response to the French Revolution. 

     Respondents generally reported that they were reading more than usual. This was largely due to having more free time (due to being furloughed, or not having a commute or the usual social obligation or leisure activities). This increased reading volume was complicated for those with caring responsibilities. Many people with children reported that their reading time had increased generally because of their shared reading with children, but had less time than normal for personal reading. Reading frequency was further complicated by a quality vs. quantity snag. People spent more time reading and seeking escape, but an inability to concentrate meant they made less progress than usual. In short, people spent more time reading but the volume they read was less. 

          Unsurprisingly, lockdown also made re-reading a physical necessity for some. Some respondents noted how they were unable to visit the library or browse at the bookshop for new books. Others reported that they simply wished to save money. On the other hand, the participants who reported re- reading less than normal during the lockdown period wanted to use their newfound time to seek out new topics and genres

The word “they” in paragraph 3 refers to ________. 

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions. 

     During times of crisis, people find themselves faced with lifestyle changes. One of the earliest and most noticeable changes seen during the Covid-19 lockdown was how we consume media-and especially how we read. 

     People tend to find comfort in certain books, and reading habits and genre preferences can change during periods of stress. This helps to explain why much genre fiction has roots in times of significant social, political or economic upheaval. Gothic literature is, in part, a British Protestant response to the French Revolution. 

     Respondents generally reported that they were reading more than usual. This was largely due to having more free time (due to being furloughed, or not having a commute or the usual social obligation or leisure activities). This increased reading volume was complicated for those with caring responsibilities. Many people with children reported that their reading time had increased generally because of their shared reading with children, but had less time than normal for personal reading. Reading frequency was further complicated by a quality vs. quantity snag. People spent more time reading and seeking escape, but an inability to concentrate meant they made less progress than usual. In short, people spent more time reading but the volume they read was less. 

          Unsurprisingly, lockdown also made re-reading a physical necessity for some. Some respondents noted how they were unable to visit the library or browse at the bookshop for new books. Others reported that they simply wished to save money. On the other hand, the participants who reported re- reading less than normal during the lockdown period wanted to use their newfound time to seek out new topics and genres

The word “commute” in paragraph 3 is closet in meaning to _______.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions. 

     During times of crisis, people find themselves faced with lifestyle changes. One of the earliest and most noticeable changes seen during the Covid-19 lockdown was how we consume media-and especially how we read. 

     People tend to find comfort in certain books, and reading habits and genre preferences can change during periods of stress. This helps to explain why much genre fiction has roots in times of significant social, political or economic upheaval. Gothic literature is, in part, a British Protestant response to the French Revolution. 

     Respondents generally reported that they were reading more than usual. This was largely due to having more free time (due to being furloughed, or not having a commute or the usual social obligation or leisure activities). This increased reading volume was complicated for those with caring responsibilities. Many people with children reported that their reading time had increased generally because of their shared reading with children, but had less time than normal for personal reading. Reading frequency was further complicated by a quality vs. quantity snag. People spent more time reading and seeking escape, but an inability to concentrate meant they made less progress than usual. In short, people spent more time reading but the volume they read was less. 

          Unsurprisingly, lockdown also made re-reading a physical necessity for some. Some respondents noted how they were unable to visit the library or browse at the bookshop for new books. Others reported that they simply wished to save money. On the other hand, the participants who reported re- reading less than normal during the lockdown period wanted to use their newfound time to seek out new topics and genres

According to paragraph 2, which of the following is NOT true? 

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions. 

     During times of crisis, people find themselves faced with lifestyle changes. One of the earliest and most noticeable changes seen during the Covid-19 lockdown was how we consume media-and especially how we read. 

     People tend to find comfort in certain books, and reading habits and genre preferences can change during periods of stress. This helps to explain why much genre fiction has roots in times of significant social, political or economic upheaval. Gothic literature is, in part, a British Protestant response to the French Revolution. 

     Respondents generally reported that they were reading more than usual. This was largely due to having more free time (due to being furloughed, or not having a commute or the usual social obligation or leisure activities). This increased reading volume was complicated for those with caring responsibilities. Many people with children reported that their reading time had increased generally because of their shared reading with children, but had less time than normal for personal reading. Reading frequency was further complicated by a quality vs. quantity snag. People spent more time reading and seeking escape, but an inability to concentrate meant they made less progress than usual. In short, people spent more time reading but the volume they read was less. 

          Unsurprisingly, lockdown also made re-reading a physical necessity for some. Some respondents noted how they were unable to visit the library or browse at the bookshop for new books. Others reported that they simply wished to save money. On the other hand, the participants who reported re- reading less than normal during the lockdown period wanted to use their newfound time to seek out new topics and genres

What does the passage mainly discuss? 

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that best combines each pair of sentences in the following questions

I did not see Susan off at the airport. I feel bad about it now

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that best combines each pair of sentences in the following questions

The basketball team knew they lost the match. They soon started to blame each other