Read the following passage and choose the best answer (A, B, C, or D) to complete the passgae.

Nobody knows for certain what the (21)________ of music was. Music is certainly older than poetry and painting but as early man had no way of recording it, we can also guess what it sounded like. Watching a child banging on drum with his hands or a piece of wood, it is easy to see that this is the simplest of instruments. It does not (22) _________ much effort to product a rhythm on it.

Wall paintings show what some of the first instrument looked like. Early civilizations has already discovered the three basic (23) _________ of producing music: blowing into a tube, striking an object, and scraping a string. We know that western music comes from the (24) _________ Greeks. The musical scales we use now are (25) _________ on certain sequences of notes which the Greeks used to create a particular mood.

Until the sixteenth century, most players of instruments were performers, but as music became more widespread, orchestras and musical groups began to appear.This (26) _________ about the writing of music to be played by several musicians at one time. This can certainly be called the birth of modern music.

Although (A) they reflect a strong social conscience, Arthur Miller’s stage works are (B) typical (C) more concerned (D) with individuals than with systems.

Herbicides have been long used for the.................... of disease in crops. (ERADICATE)

It takes.....................and hard work to achieve your goal.

Choose the word whose stress pattern is different from that of the others.

Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from the others.

It's amazing that Imagine _________________.

Mary Anning didn't write a famous book because _________________.

Mould and mildew can cause health problems. We need to remove any growth regularly. (compound sentences)

=> ...…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

We reuse bags, old clothes and scrap paper at home. We can reduce waste. (so that)

=> ...…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

The light had gone out before we got out of the office.

=> When.................................................................................................………………………………

We should not waste paper. We should not cut down any trees either. (neither …. nor) =>……………………….……………………………………………………………………………………

burning/ fossil fuels/ emit/ harmful gases/ people/ still/ use/ heating/ cooking. (but)

=> ……………………………………………………………………………………………........................