Choose the word or phrase among A, B, C or D that best fits the blank space in the following passage.

Cartoon films have very few limits. If you can draw something, you can (1) ________ it move on the cinema screen. The use of new ideas and advanced computer programs means that cartoons are becoming exciting again for people of (2) ________ ages. By the end of the 1970s, the cinema world had decided that cartoons were only for children. But soon (3) ________, one or two directors had some original new ideas. They proved that it was possible to make films in which both adults and children could share the fun. However, not (4) ________ cartoon film was successful. The Black Cauldron, for example, failed, mainly because it was too frightening for children and too childish for adults. Directors learn from this (5) ________, and the film companies began to make large amounts of money again.

Computers are considered____________ tool today.

He is ___________ his father when he is behind the wheel.

5. For forty minutes, Ewa lost her consciousness.   

4. Ewa arrived at the top of Mount Everest during the storm.     

3. The performance was delayed due to the storm. 

2. A thunderstorm was approaching when they began to take off.        

LISTEN to audio 2.08 about Ewa Wiśnierska’ s accident. WRITE T (True) or F (False) for the following statements (1-7).

1. Ewa comes from Australia.   

5. Students / not have to /wear uniform/ America.

4. There/ lot/ traffic/ yesterday.

3. Peter/ must/ home/ 11 o’clock.

2. Some/ student/ play football/ the park/ the weekend.

Read the text and complete the summary with ONE or TWO WORDS ONLY.

Many people assume that video games have a negative effect on young people. A lot of time in front of a screen is bad for the mind and the body, and combat games cause concern because they contain violence. Newspapers often express the same opinion. However, according to a report in American Psychologist, playing video games can be good for children’s education, health and social skills. Video games can actually improve certain mental skills. Combat games, for example, teach players to think in three dimensions. This helps children with science, technology, engineering and maths. Other types of video game can have other positive effects. In 2013, research showed that children who play role-playing games get better grades at school than those who don’t play them. Other research showed that playing any video game improves children’s creativity. Quick and simple games like Angry Birds can improve players’ mood and prevent them from feeling anxious. The report also says that video games teach children how to react well to failure because players continually fail and try again. This makes them emotionally strong in real life. Video games can improve social skills too, the report says. More than 70% of gamers play with a friend, and many take part in online games, like Farmville, with millions of other people. The players learn how to lead a group, work together and make decisions. Overall, the report accepts that some video games can have negative effects, but reminds us that they can have benefits too.

Summary

Video games are (1)_________ to have a negative effect on young people because they are time-consuming and violent. However, a (2)__________ shows that video games can actually improve certain mental skills. Video games helps children with science, technology, engineering and maths. Different types of video game can result in various positive effects. In (3)___________, research showed that playing video games can help children improve schoolwork, (4)__________________, mood, social skills and leadership. Overall, the report accepts that some video games can have negative effects, but reminds us that they can have (5)___________ too.

5. Cutting and burning trees produce O2 going into the atmosphere annually.         

4. Trees release carbon dioxide, a major greenhouse gas, to the atmosphere.        

3. Forests make unnecessary contribution to regulating global climate.                            

2. Soil washes away with rainfall due to no plant roots to hold it in place.         

Read the passage and write the answer True or False.

The world's forests are being consumed rapidly. Trees are cut down for paper and wood products, for cooking fuel, to clear land for development, and to expand farming areas. The land left behind is stripped not only of its trees, but the plants, animals, and insects that lived in that ecosystem as well. With no plant roots to hold it in place, valuable soil washes away with every rainfall and ends up in the rivers and streams upon which people depend for their water supply. In extreme cases, hundreds or thousands of people lose their homes or perish in landslides when deforested slopes become unstable.

Forests also play an important part in regulating global climate. Trees remove carbon dioxide, a major greenhouse gas, from the atmosphere, while cycling oxygen back into it. When trees are cut down, however, the CO2 is released again. It is estimated that up to 25% of the total amount of CO2 going into the atmosphere every year is released from trees being cut and burned. It's clear that protecting the world's forests is an important part of solving the global climate change problem.

1. To expand farming areas is one of the reasons for cutting down trees.

Pollution of soil reduces the amount of land that is (5) ________ for growing food.

Choose the word or phrase among A, B, C or D that best fits the blank space in the following passage.

Environmental pollution is a term that (1) ________ to all the ways by which man pollutes his surroundings. Man dirties the air with gases and smoke, poisons the water with chemicals and other substances, and damages the soil with (2) ________ many fertilizers and pesticides. Man also pollutes his surroundings in various other ways. (3) ________, people ruin natural beauty by disposing garbage and waste products on the land and in the water. They operate machines and motor vehicles that fill the air with (4) ________ noise. Badly polluted air can cause illness, and even death. Polluted water kills fish and other coastal life. Pollution of soil reduces the amount of land that is (5) ________ for growing food.