Câu hỏi:
17/06/2026 169Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
Long before they can actually speak, babies pay special attention to the speech they hear around them. Within the first month of their lives, babies' responses to the sound of the human voice will be different from their responses to other sorts of auditory stimuli. They will stop crying when they hear a person talking, but not if they hear a bell or the sound of a rattle. At first, the sounds that an infant notices might be only those words that receive the heaviest emphasis and that often occur at the ends of utterances. By the time they are six or seven weeks old, babies can detect the difference between syllables pronounced with rising and falling inflections. Very soon, these differences in adult stress and intonation can influence babies' emotional states and behavior. Long before they develop actual language comprehension, babies can sense when an adult is playful or angry, attempting to initiate or terminate new behavior, and so on, merely on the basis of cues such as the rate, volume, and melody of adult speech.
Adults make it as easy as they can for babies to pick up a language by exaggerating such cues. One researcher observed babies and their mothers in six diverse cultures and found that, in all six languages, the mothers used simplified syntax, short utterances and nonsense sounds, and transformed certain sounds into baby talk. Other investigators have noted that when mothers talk to babies who are only a few months old, they exaggerate the pitch, loudness, and intensity of their words. They also exaggerate their facial expressions, hold vowels longer, and emphasize certain words.
More significant for language development than their response to general intonation is observation that tiny babies can make relatively fine distinctions between speech sounds. In other words, babies enter the world with the ability to make precisely those perceptual discriminations that are necessary if they are to acquire aural language.
Babies obviously derive pleasure from sound input, too: even as young as nine months they will listen to songs or stories, although the words themselves are beyond their understanding. For babies, language is a sensory-motor delight rather than the route to prosaic meaning that it often is for adults
What point does the author make to illustrate that babies are born with the ability to acquire language?
A. Babies exaggerate their own sounds and expressions
B. Babies begin to understand words in songs
C. Babies notice even minor differences between speech sounds
D. Babies are more sensitive to sounds than are adults
Trả lời:
Giải bởi Vietjack
Đáp án C
Thông tin bài văn cung cấp, ta thấy: “More significant for language development than their response to general intonation is observation that tiny babies can make relatively fine distinctions between speech sounds."
Dịch nghĩa: “Từ lâu trước khi có thể thực sự nói, trẻ sơ sinh đã chú ý đặc biệt đến ngôn ngữ chúng nghe thấy xung quanh. Trong tháng đầu tiên của cuộc đời, phản ứng của trẻ sơ sinh đối với âm thanh giọng nói của con người sẽ khác với phản ứng của chúng đối với các kích thích âm thanh khác. Chúng sẽ ngừng khóc khi nghe thấy ai đó nói chuyện, nhưng không ngừng nếu nghe tiếng chuông hoặc tiếng lắc đồ chơi. Ban đầu, những âm thanh mà trẻ chú ý có thể chỉ là những từ được nhấn mạnh mạnh nhất và thường xuất hiện ở cuối câu. Đến khi được sáu hoặc bảy tuần tuổi, trẻ có thể phát hiện sự khác biệt giữa các âm tiết được phát âm với ngữ điệu lên và xuống. Rất nhanh sau đó, những khác biệt này trong cách nhấn mạnh và ngữ điệu của người lớn có thể ảnh hưởng đến trạng thái cảm xúc và hành vi của trẻ. Lâu trước khi phát triển khả năng hiểu ngôn ngữ thực sự, trẻ có thể cảm nhận được khi nào người lớn đang vui vẻ hay tức giận, cố gắng bắt đầu hoặc kết thúc một hành vi nào đó, chỉ dựa trên các dấu hiệu như tốc độ, âm lượng và giai điệu của giọng nói người lớn.
Người lớn cố gắng làm cho trẻ dễ tiếp thu ngôn ngữ nhất có thể bằng cách phóng đại những dấu hiệu đó. Một nhà nghiên cứu đã quan sát trẻ sơ sinh và các bà mẹ của chúng ở sáu nền văn hóa khác nhau và nhận thấy rằng, trong cả sáu ngôn ngữ, các bà mẹ đều sử dụng cú pháp đơn giản, câu ngắn và âm thanh vô nghĩa, đồng thời biến đổi một số âm thanh thành "ngôn ngữ trẻ em". Các nhà nghiên cứu khác nhận thấy rằng khi các bà mẹ nói chuyện với trẻ chỉ vài tháng tuổi, họ phóng đại cao độ, âm lượng và cường độ trong lời nói của mình. Họ cũng phóng đại biểu cảm khuôn mặt, kéo dài nguyên âm lâu hơn và nhấn mạnh một số từ nhất định.
Điều đáng kể hơn đối với sự phát triển ngôn ngữ so với phản ứng của trẻ đối với ngữ điệu tổng quát là quan sát rằng trẻ sơ sinh có thể phân biệt khá tinh tế giữa các âm thanh lời nói. Nói cách khác, trẻ em sinh ra đã có khả năng thực hiện chính xác những phân biệt cảm nhận cần thiết để có thể tiếp thu ngôn ngữ qua thính giác.
Trẻ sơ sinh rõ ràng cũng cảm thấy thích thú với âm thanh: ngay từ chín tháng tuổi, chúng đã có thể nghe các bài hát hoặc câu chuyện, mặc dù bản thân từ ngữ vẫn nằm ngoài sự hiểu biết của chúng. Đối với trẻ sơ sinh, ngôn ngữ là niềm vui cảm giác-vận động, chứ không phải là con đường để đạt được ý nghĩa thực tế như đối với người lớn.”
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