Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 23 to 27. Fill in the appropriate word in question 25

  Many people enjoy lying in bed in the morning, but can you imagine having to spend 90 days in bed? Could you stand the boredom and the frustration of not being (23) _____________ to get up? That was the task that faced 14 volunteers when they started out on a bed-rest experiment being conducted (24)_____________  the European Space Agency.

  The study had a serious purpose: to investigate the changes that take place in the human body during long-duration spaceflight. Lying in a horizontal position was the best way of (25)_____________  weightlessness. The aim was to discover what effect period of weightlessness will have on the health of astronauts spending several months on the International Space Station.

  The volunteers ate their meals, took showers and underwent medical tests without ever sitting up. That’s even tougher than it sounds, especially when you (26)_____________ that no visitors were permitted. However, each volunteer did have a mobile phone, as well as access to the latest films, computer games and music. Surprisingly, Everyone was in a good (27)_____________  at the end of the 90 days, “I would do it again,” said one of the volunteers. “It was disorientating, but we knew we were ‘contributing to medical research and space exploration.”

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

He daren’t _____________ his boss for a rise just now.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 28 to 34.

  There are two basic types of glaciers, those that flow outward in all directions with little regard for any underlying terrain and those that are confined by terrain to a particular path.

The first category of glaciers includes those massive blankets that cover whole continents, appropriately called ice sheets. There must be over 50,000 square kilometers of land covered with ice for the glacier to qualify as an ice sheet. When portions of an ice sheet spread out over the ocean, they form ice shelves.

  About 20,000 years ago the Cordilleran Ice Sheet covered nearly all the mountains in southern Alaska, western Canada, and the western United States. It was about 3 kilometers deep at its thickest point in northern Alberta. Now there are only two sheets left on Earth, those covering Greenland and Antarctica.

  Any domelike body of ice that also flows out in all directions but covers less than 50,000 square kilometers is called an ice cap. Although ice caps are rare nowadays, there are a number in northeastern Canada, on Baffin Island, and on the Queen Elizabeth Islands.

  The second category of glaciers includes those of a variety of shapes and sizes generally called mountain or alpine glaciers. Mountain glaciers are typically identified by the landform that controls their flow. One form of mountain glacier that resembles an ice cap in that it flows outward in several directions is called an ice field. The difference between an ice field and an ice cap is subtle. Essentially, the flow of an ice field is somewhat controlled by surrounding terrain and thus does not have the domelike shape of a cap. There are several ice fields in the Wrangell, St. Elias, and Chugach mountains of Alaska and northern British Columbia.

  Less spectacular than large ice fields are the most common types of mountain glaciers : the cirque and valley glaciers. Cirque glaciers are found in depressions in the surface of the land and have a characteristic circular shape. The ice of valley glaciers, bound by terrain, flows down valleys, curves around their comers, and falls over cliffs.

According to the passage (paragraph 5), ice fields resemble ice caps in which of the following ways?

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word that differs from the other three in the position of primary stress in each of the following questions

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 28 to 34.

  There are two basic types of glaciers, those that flow outward in all directions with little regard for any underlying terrain and those that are confined by terrain to a particular path.

The first category of glaciers includes those massive blankets that cover whole continents, appropriately called ice sheets. There must be over 50,000 square kilometers of land covered with ice for the glacier to qualify as an ice sheet. When portions of an ice sheet spread out over the ocean, they form ice shelves.

  About 20,000 years ago the Cordilleran Ice Sheet covered nearly all the mountains in southern Alaska, western Canada, and the western United States. It was about 3 kilometers deep at its thickest point in northern Alberta. Now there are only two sheets left on Earth, those covering Greenland and Antarctica.

  Any domelike body of ice that also flows out in all directions but covers less than 50,000 square kilometers is called an ice cap. Although ice caps are rare nowadays, there are a number in northeastern Canada, on Baffin Island, and on the Queen Elizabeth Islands.

  The second category of glaciers includes those of a variety of shapes and sizes generally called mountain or alpine glaciers. Mountain glaciers are typically identified by the landform that controls their flow. One form of mountain glacier that resembles an ice cap in that it flows outward in several directions is called an ice field. The difference between an ice field and an ice cap is subtle. Essentially, the flow of an ice field is somewhat controlled by surrounding terrain and thus does not have the domelike shape of a cap. There are several ice fields in the Wrangell, St. Elias, and Chugach mountains of Alaska and northern British Columbia.

  Less spectacular than large ice fields are the most common types of mountain glaciers : the cirque and valley glaciers. Cirque glaciers are found in depressions in the surface of the land and have a characteristic circular shape. The ice of valley glaciers, bound by terrain, flows down valleys, curves around their comers, and falls over cliffs.

It can be inferred that ice sheets are so named for which of the following reasons?

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 35 to 42.

Moving Your Mind for Maximum Fitness

  When people design a new workout programme, they often target their chest, stomach, and leg muscles, hoping to sculpt the perfect physique. However, they often neglect the most important part of the body: the brain. Our brains grow stronger when we exercise them and weaker when neglected. To assist in keeping our minds sharp, several websites and apps offer brain games to help us get our mental workouts accomplished in a very short time.

  As we age, our vocabulary continues to expand and we become better at creative plans. However, by the time we enter our 20s, our prefrontal cortex starts to shrink. Although part of the reason for our decline is physical, there is evidence that targeted exercises can halt or even reserve cognitive damage. Throughout our lives we maintain the ability to create new neurons whenever we learn something new, like a foreign language or a new sport. By repeating these activities we create new pathways and connections between neurons that keep our minds functioning at an optimal level. This is what brain fitness exercises aim to accomplish.

  These digital exercises are broken into different categories. The first is memory exercises. These programmes display information to users and then quiz us to see how much we can recall. The second type is attention exercises. These games get users to focus on multiple tasks at once, dividing their attention. Although trying to concentrate on several things at once during work is not recommended, doing it in a game environment can help to strengthen our focus in the long term. Speed exercises, on the other hand, are designed to keep our minds agile. In addition to these major categories, there are other games that focus on specific situations like remembering names and faces, or calculating directions.

  Although many users rave about positive effects of these games, there are other hacks we can use to strengthen our brains. One is napping. Studies have shown that people who nap in the afternoon fared much better at mental tasks than those who didn’t. A little caffeine can also make your mind sharper, as long as you don’t overdo it. Finally, getting some physical exercise also tends to improve the clarity of our thinking. In other words, maybe the Roman poet Juvenal was on to something when he wrote “A sound mind in a healthy body”.

What happens when we don’t exercise our brains?

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.

We played my brother’s school at football and beat them hollow.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word that differs from the other three in the position of primary stress in each of the following questions

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

From the 1980s _____________ the festival has been celebrated annually.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 35 to 42.

Moving Your Mind for Maximum Fitness

  When people design a new workout programme, they often target their chest, stomach, and leg muscles, hoping to sculpt the perfect physique. However, they often neglect the most important part of the body: the brain. Our brains grow stronger when we exercise them and weaker when neglected. To assist in keeping our minds sharp, several websites and apps offer brain games to help us get our mental workouts accomplished in a very short time.

  As we age, our vocabulary continues to expand and we become better at creative plans. However, by the time we enter our 20s, our prefrontal cortex starts to shrink. Although part of the reason for our decline is physical, there is evidence that targeted exercises can halt or even reserve cognitive damage. Throughout our lives we maintain the ability to create new neurons whenever we learn something new, like a foreign language or a new sport. By repeating these activities we create new pathways and connections between neurons that keep our minds functioning at an optimal level. This is what brain fitness exercises aim to accomplish.

  These digital exercises are broken into different categories. The first is memory exercises. These programmes display information to users and then quiz us to see how much we can recall. The second type is attention exercises. These games get users to focus on multiple tasks at once, dividing their attention. Although trying to concentrate on several things at once during work is not recommended, doing it in a game environment can help to strengthen our focus in the long term. Speed exercises, on the other hand, are designed to keep our minds agile. In addition to these major categories, there are other games that focus on specific situations like remembering names and faces, or calculating directions.

  Although many users rave about positive effects of these games, there are other hacks we can use to strengthen our brains. One is napping. Studies have shown that people who nap in the afternoon fared much better at mental tasks than those who didn’t. A little caffeine can also make your mind sharper, as long as you don’t overdo it. Finally, getting some physical exercise also tends to improve the clarity of our thinking. In other words, maybe the Roman poet Juvenal was on to something when he wrote “A sound mind in a healthy body”.

All of the following are true about our brains EXCEPT that _____________ .

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 35 to 42.

Moving Your Mind for Maximum Fitness

  When people design a new workout programme, they often target their chest, stomach, and leg muscles, hoping to sculpt the perfect physique. However, they often neglect the most important part of the body: the brain. Our brains grow stronger when we exercise them and weaker when neglected. To assist in keeping our minds sharp, several websites and apps offer brain games to help us get our mental workouts accomplished in a very short time.

  As we age, our vocabulary continues to expand and we become better at creative plans. However, by the time we enter our 20s, our prefrontal cortex starts to shrink. Although part of the reason for our decline is physical, there is evidence that targeted exercises can halt or even reserve cognitive damage. Throughout our lives we maintain the ability to create new neurons whenever we learn something new, like a foreign language or a new sport. By repeating these activities we create new pathways and connections between neurons that keep our minds functioning at an optimal level. This is what brain fitness exercises aim to accomplish.

  These digital exercises are broken into different categories. The first is memory exercises. These programmes display information to users and then quiz us to see how much we can recall. The second type is attention exercises. These games get users to focus on multiple tasks at once, dividing their attention. Although trying to concentrate on several things at once during work is not recommended, doing it in a game environment can help to strengthen our focus in the long term. Speed exercises, on the other hand, are designed to keep our minds agile. In addition to these major categories, there are other games that focus on specific situations like remembering names and faces, or calculating directions.

  Although many users rave about positive effects of these games, there are other hacks we can use to strengthen our brains. One is napping. Studies have shown that people who nap in the afternoon fared much better at mental tasks than those who didn’t. A little caffeine can also make your mind sharper, as long as you don’t overdo it. Finally, getting some physical exercise also tends to improve the clarity of our thinking. In other words, maybe the Roman poet Juvenal was on to something when he wrote “A sound mind in a healthy body”.

What can be inferred from the passage?

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions.

The world is becoming more (A) industrialized and the number of animal (B) species that have become (C) extinct (D) have increased.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

 “You should concentrate on _____________ the teacher is saying.”

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 23 to 27. Fill in the appropriate word in question 26

  Many people enjoy lying in bed in the morning, but can you imagine having to spend 90 days in bed? Could you stand the boredom and the frustration of not being (23) _____________ to get up? That was the task that faced 14 volunteers when they started out on a bed-rest experiment being conducted (24)_____________  the European Space Agency.

  The study had a serious purpose: to investigate the changes that take place in the human body during long-duration spaceflight. Lying in a horizontal position was the best way of (25)_____________  weightlessness. The aim was to discover what effect period of weightlessness will have on the health of astronauts spending several months on the International Space Station.

  The volunteers ate their meals, took showers and underwent medical tests without ever sitting up. That’s even tougher than it sounds, especially when you (26)_____________ that no visitors were permitted. However, each volunteer did have a mobile phone, as well as access to the latest films, computer games and music. Surprisingly, Everyone was in a good (27)_____________  at the end of the 90 days, “I would do it again,” said one of the volunteers. “It was disorientating, but we knew we were ‘contributing to medical research and space exploration.”

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 35 to 42.

Moving Your Mind for Maximum Fitness

  When people design a new workout programme, they often target their chest, stomach, and leg muscles, hoping to sculpt the perfect physique. However, they often neglect the most important part of the body: the brain. Our brains grow stronger when we exercise them and weaker when neglected. To assist in keeping our minds sharp, several websites and apps offer brain games to help us get our mental workouts accomplished in a very short time.

  As we age, our vocabulary continues to expand and we become better at creative plans. However, by the time we enter our 20s, our prefrontal cortex starts to shrink. Although part of the reason for our decline is physical, there is evidence that targeted exercises can halt or even reserve cognitive damage. Throughout our lives we maintain the ability to create new neurons whenever we learn something new, like a foreign language or a new sport. By repeating these activities we create new pathways and connections between neurons that keep our minds functioning at an optimal level. This is what brain fitness exercises aim to accomplish.

  These digital exercises are broken into different categories. The first is memory exercises. These programmes display information to users and then quiz us to see how much we can recall. The second type is attention exercises. These games get users to focus on multiple tasks at once, dividing their attention. Although trying to concentrate on several things at once during work is not recommended, doing it in a game environment can help to strengthen our focus in the long term. Speed exercises, on the other hand, are designed to keep our minds agile. In addition to these major categories, there are other games that focus on specific situations like remembering names and faces, or calculating directions.

  Although many users rave about positive effects of these games, there are other hacks we can use to strengthen our brains. One is napping. Studies have shown that people who nap in the afternoon fared much better at mental tasks than those who didn’t. A little caffeine can also make your mind sharper, as long as you don’t overdo it. Finally, getting some physical exercise also tends to improve the clarity of our thinking. In other words, maybe the Roman poet Juvenal was on to something when he wrote “A sound mind in a healthy body”.

What function of our brain improves as we get older?

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 28 to 34.

  There are two basic types of glaciers, those that flow outward in all directions with little regard for any underlying terrain and those that are confined by terrain to a particular path.

The first category of glaciers includes those massive blankets that cover whole continents, appropriately called ice sheets. There must be over 50,000 square kilometers of land covered with ice for the glacier to qualify as an ice sheet. When portions of an ice sheet spread out over the ocean, they form ice shelves.

  About 20,000 years ago the Cordilleran Ice Sheet covered nearly all the mountains in southern Alaska, western Canada, and the western United States. It was about 3 kilometers deep at its thickest point in northern Alberta. Now there are only two sheets left on Earth, those covering Greenland and Antarctica.

  Any domelike body of ice that also flows out in all directions but covers less than 50,000 square kilometers is called an ice cap. Although ice caps are rare nowadays, there are a number in northeastern Canada, on Baffin Island, and on the Queen Elizabeth Islands.

  The second category of glaciers includes those of a variety of shapes and sizes generally called mountain or alpine glaciers. Mountain glaciers are typically identified by the landform that controls their flow. One form of mountain glacier that resembles an ice cap in that it flows outward in several directions is called an ice field. The difference between an ice field and an ice cap is subtle. Essentially, the flow of an ice field is somewhat controlled by surrounding terrain and thus does not have the domelike shape of a cap. There are several ice fields in the Wrangell, St. Elias, and Chugach mountains of Alaska and northern British Columbia.

  Less spectacular than large ice fields are the most common types of mountain glaciers : the cirque and valley glaciers. Cirque glaciers are found in depressions in the surface of the land and have a characteristic circular shape. The ice of valley glaciers, bound by terrain, flows down valleys, curves around their comers, and falls over cliffs.

The word “depressions” in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to _____________ .