Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word for each of the blanks from 45 to 54.

Criticism

It can (45) _________along time to become successful in your chosen field, however talented you are. One thing you have to be (46) _________ of is that you will face criticism along the way. The world is full of people who would rather say something negative than positive. If you’ve made up your (47) _________ to achieve a certain goal, such as writing a novel, don’t let the negative criticism of others prevent you from reaching your (48)_________ and let constructive criticism have a positive (49) _________ on your work. If someone says you’re totally (50) _________ in talent, ignore them. That’s negative criticism. If, however, someone advises you to revise your work and gives you good reasons for doing so, you should (51) _________ their suggestions carefully. There are many film stars who were once out of (52) _________. There are many famous novelists who made a complete (53) _________ of their first novel - or who didn’t, but had to keep on approaching hundreds of publishers before they could get it published. Being successful does depend on luck, to a certain extent. But things are more likely to (54) _________ well if you persevere and stay positive.

Điền vào ô số 48

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word or phrase that is CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined part in each of the following questions.

Tired of being a tiny cog in a vast machine, he handed in his resignation

Read the following passage and mark the letter A,B,C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 55 to 64

Genetics is the study of hereditary characteristics that are passed down from one generation of living organisms to another. Although farmers have used selective breeding to improve the resilience of crops and animals, it wasn't until the mid 1800s that Gregor Mendel started the science of genetics as we know it today. Following Mendel's methods, scientists have discovered "chromosomes" and "DNA". With the ability to study DNA, scientists were ableto study the genetic differences between races.

Modern genetics discovered that all humans are descendants of "Mitochondrial Eve," a woman who lived over 150,000 years ago in Africa. Since the first humans were born, over 75,000 generations have passed, and many subtle differences are now evident. Humans share at least 99% of their genetic makeup. A 1% difference may not seem like much, but when you consider that a chimpanzee shares 98% of human genes, you realize how much a 1% difference makes!

Africans are more closely related to Europeans than any other two groups, despite the fact that they differ so much in appearance. The biggest genetic differences are found between Africans and the native populations of NorthAmerica (22%). However, it is essential to note that the genetic differences between people of the same race are much greater than the differences between people of different races. This means that the argument which claims that genetic differences make one race superior to another is nothing but a tall story.

The differences in various populations may also be the result of circumstances rather than genetic makeup. Factors such as climate, diet, health care, education, and employment as well as other socioeconomic factors are all influential. However, there are some traits which are genetic; for example, there is a much higher incidence of sickle-cell anemia among black populations than any other population group. Adult African-Americans and Latinos have twice as many cases of diabetes than Caucasians. In the U.S., Latinos suffer more deaths from liver disease than other races. Europeans suffer more from heart disease and cancer.

Genes not only affect our susceptibility to disease, they also affect our physical attributes. The Dinka people from the Sudan are considered to be the tallest people with men having an average height of 6ft 3in., while women hit the big time with an impressive 5ft 3in. This contrasts sharply with the Pygmy tribes who get the short end of the stick at only about 4ft 11in.tall. Genetic differences may help us to tailor health services to people of different races or to detect life threatening diseases early. However, they are not significant enough to support the claim that one race is superior toanother. In fact, our modern scientific understanding of human genetic diversity flies in the face of almost all our social stereotypes

What does the writer mean with the idiom “ hit the big time”?

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to show the underlined part that needs correction (from 40 to 44)

The population (A)of Tokyo is (B) greater (C )than of any other town (D)in the world

Read the following passage and mark the letter A,B,C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 55 to 64

Genetics is the study of hereditary characteristics that are passed down from one generation of living organisms to another. Although farmers have used selective breeding to improve the resilience of crops and animals, it wasn't until the mid 1800s that Gregor Mendel started the science of genetics as we know it today. Following Mendel's methods, scientists have discovered "chromosomes" and "DNA". With the ability to study DNA, scientists were ableto study the genetic differences between races.

Modern genetics discovered that all humans are descendants of "Mitochondrial Eve," a woman who lived over 150,000 years ago in Africa. Since the first humans were born, over 75,000 generations have passed, and many subtle differences are now evident. Humans share at least 99% of their genetic makeup. A 1% difference may not seem like much, but when you consider that a chimpanzee shares 98% of human genes, you realize how much a 1% difference makes!

Africans are more closely related to Europeans than any other two groups, despite the fact that they differ so much in appearance. The biggest genetic differences are found between Africans and the native populations of NorthAmerica (22%). However, it is essential to note that the genetic differences between people of the same race are much greater than the differences between people of different races. This means that the argument which claims that genetic differences make one race superior to another is nothing but a tall story.

The differences in various populations may also be the result of circumstances rather than genetic makeup. Factors such as climate, diet, health care, education, and employment as well as other socioeconomic factors are all influential. However, there are some traits which are genetic; for example, there is a much higher incidence of sickle-cell anemia among black populations than any other population group. Adult African-Americans and Latinos have twice as many cases of diabetes than Caucasians. In the U.S., Latinos suffer more deaths from liver disease than other races. Europeans suffer more from heart disease and cancer.

Genes not only affect our susceptibility to disease, they also affect our physical attributes. The Dinka people from the Sudan are considered to be the tallest people with men having an average height of 6ft 3in., while women hit the big time with an impressive 5ft 3in. This contrasts sharply with the Pygmy tribes who get the short end of the stick at only about 4ft 11in.tall. Genetic differences may help us to tailor health services to people of different races or to detect life threatening diseases early. However, they are not significant enough to support the claim that one race is superior toanother. In fact, our modern scientific understanding of human genetic diversity flies in the face of almost all our social stereotypes

What two factors contribute to the differences between races?

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to show the underlined part that needs correction (from 40 to 44)

Harvard University (A) was established (B)just after sixteen years (C) the Pilgrims arrived (D).

Read the following passage and mark the letter A,B,C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 55 to 64

Genetics is the study of hereditary characteristics that are passed down from one generation of living organisms to another. Although farmers have used selective breeding to improve the resilience of crops and animals, it wasn't until the mid 1800s that Gregor Mendel started the science of genetics as we know it today. Following Mendel's methods, scientists have discovered "chromosomes" and "DNA". With the ability to study DNA, scientists were ableto study the genetic differences between races.

Modern genetics discovered that all humans are descendants of "Mitochondrial Eve," a woman who lived over 150,000 years ago in Africa. Since the first humans were born, over 75,000 generations have passed, and many subtle differences are now evident. Humans share at least 99% of their genetic makeup. A 1% difference may not seem like much, but when you consider that a chimpanzee shares 98% of human genes, you realize how much a 1% difference makes!

Africans are more closely related to Europeans than any other two groups, despite the fact that they differ so much in appearance. The biggest genetic differences are found between Africans and the native populations of NorthAmerica (22%). However, it is essential to note that the genetic differences between people of the same race are much greater than the differences between people of different races. This means that the argument which claims that genetic differences make one race superior to another is nothing but a tall story.

The differences in various populations may also be the result of circumstances rather than genetic makeup. Factors such as climate, diet, health care, education, and employment as well as other socioeconomic factors are all influential. However, there are some traits which are genetic; for example, there is a much higher incidence of sickle-cell anemia among black populations than any other population group. Adult African-Americans and Latinos have twice as many cases of diabetes than Caucasians. In the U.S., Latinos suffer more deaths from liver disease than other races. Europeans suffer more from heart disease and cancer.

Genes not only affect our susceptibility to disease, they also affect our physical attributes. The Dinka people from the Sudan are considered to be the tallest people with men having an average height of 6ft 3in., while women hit the big time with an impressive 5ft 3in. This contrasts sharply with the Pygmy tribes who get the short end of the stick at only about 4ft 11in.tall. Genetic differences may help us to tailor health services to people of different races or to detect life threatening diseases early. However, they are not significant enough to support the claim that one race is superior toanother. In fact, our modern scientific understanding of human genetic diversity flies in the face of almost all our social stereotypes

Where do the greatest genetic differences occur?

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word or phrase that is CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined part in each of the following questions.

It’s extremely rude not to say “thank you” when you are given something

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

The matter of late payment of bills was __________ against at the board meeting.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A,B,C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 55 to 64

Genetics is the study of hereditary characteristics that are passed down from one generation of living organisms to another. Although farmers have used selective breeding to improve the resilience of crops and animals, it wasn't until the mid 1800s that Gregor Mendel started the science of genetics as we know it today. Following Mendel's methods, scientists have discovered "chromosomes" and "DNA". With the ability to study DNA, scientists were ableto study the genetic differences between races.

Modern genetics discovered that all humans are descendants of "Mitochondrial Eve," a woman who lived over 150,000 years ago in Africa. Since the first humans were born, over 75,000 generations have passed, and many subtle differences are now evident. Humans share at least 99% of their genetic makeup. A 1% difference may not seem like much, but when you consider that a chimpanzee shares 98% of human genes, you realize how much a 1% difference makes!

Africans are more closely related to Europeans than any other two groups, despite the fact that they differ so much in appearance. The biggest genetic differences are found between Africans and the native populations of NorthAmerica (22%). However, it is essential to note that the genetic differences between people of the same race are much greater than the differences between people of different races. This means that the argument which claims that genetic differences make one race superior to another is nothing but a tall story.

The differences in various populations may also be the result of circumstances rather than genetic makeup. Factors such as climate, diet, health care, education, and employment as well as other socioeconomic factors are all influential. However, there are some traits which are genetic; for example, there is a much higher incidence of sickle-cell anemia among black populations than any other population group. Adult African-Americans and Latinos have twice as many cases of diabetes than Caucasians. In the U.S., Latinos suffer more deaths from liver disease than other races. Europeans suffer more from heart disease and cancer.

Genes not only affect our susceptibility to disease, they also affect our physical attributes. The Dinka people from the Sudan are considered to be the tallest people with men having an average height of 6ft 3in., while women hit the big time with an impressive 5ft 3in. This contrasts sharply with the Pygmy tribes who get the short end of the stick at only about 4ft 11in.tall. Genetic differences may help us to tailor health services to people of different races or to detect life threatening diseases early. However, they are not significant enough to support the claim that one race is superior toanother. In fact, our modern scientific understanding of human genetic diversity flies in the face of almost all our social stereotypes

What is genetics?

Read the following passage and mark the letter A,B,C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 55 to 64

Genetics is the study of hereditary characteristics that are passed down from one generation of living organisms to another. Although farmers have used selective breeding to improve the resilience of crops and animals, it wasn't until the mid 1800s that Gregor Mendel started the science of genetics as we know it today. Following Mendel's methods, scientists have discovered "chromosomes" and "DNA". With the ability to study DNA, scientists were ableto study the genetic differences between races.

Modern genetics discovered that all humans are descendants of "Mitochondrial Eve," a woman who lived over 150,000 years ago in Africa. Since the first humans were born, over 75,000 generations have passed, and many subtle differences are now evident. Humans share at least 99% of their genetic makeup. A 1% difference may not seem like much, but when you consider that a chimpanzee shares 98% of human genes, you realize how much a 1% difference makes!

Africans are more closely related to Europeans than any other two groups, despite the fact that they differ so much in appearance. The biggest genetic differences are found between Africans and the native populations of NorthAmerica (22%). However, it is essential to note that the genetic differences between people of the same race are much greater than the differences between people of different races. This means that the argument which claims that genetic differences make one race superior to another is nothing but a tall story.

The differences in various populations may also be the result of circumstances rather than genetic makeup. Factors such as climate, diet, health care, education, and employment as well as other socioeconomic factors are all influential. However, there are some traits which are genetic; for example, there is a much higher incidence of sickle-cell anemia among black populations than any other population group. Adult African-Americans and Latinos have twice as many cases of diabetes than Caucasians. In the U.S., Latinos suffer more deaths from liver disease than other races. Europeans suffer more from heart disease and cancer.

Genes not only affect our susceptibility to disease, they also affect our physical attributes. The Dinka people from the Sudan are considered to be the tallest people with men having an average height of 6ft 3in., while women hit the big time with an impressive 5ft 3in. This contrasts sharply with the Pygmy tribes who get the short end of the stick at only about 4ft 11in.tall. Genetic differences may help us to tailor health services to people of different races or to detect life threatening diseases early. However, they are not significant enough to support the claim that one race is superior toanother. In fact, our modern scientific understanding of human genetic diversity flies in the face of almost all our social stereotypes

What does the word “ they” in paragraph 3 refer to?

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

______________ is determined by the weather.

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

The problem was _________ we thought at first

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

If it _________ their encouragement, he could have given it up

Read the following passage and mark the letter A,B,C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 55 to 64

Genetics is the study of hereditary characteristics that are passed down from one generation of living organisms to another. Although farmers have used selective breeding to improve the resilience of crops and animals, it wasn't until the mid 1800s that Gregor Mendel started the science of genetics as we know it today. Following Mendel's methods, scientists have discovered "chromosomes" and "DNA". With the ability to study DNA, scientists were ableto study the genetic differences between races.

Modern genetics discovered that all humans are descendants of "Mitochondrial Eve," a woman who lived over 150,000 years ago in Africa. Since the first humans were born, over 75,000 generations have passed, and many subtle differences are now evident. Humans share at least 99% of their genetic makeup. A 1% difference may not seem like much, but when you consider that a chimpanzee shares 98% of human genes, you realize how much a 1% difference makes!

Africans are more closely related to Europeans than any other two groups, despite the fact that they differ so much in appearance. The biggest genetic differences are found between Africans and the native populations of NorthAmerica (22%). However, it is essential to note that the genetic differences between people of the same race are much greater than the differences between people of different races. This means that the argument which claims that genetic differences make one race superior to another is nothing but a tall story.

The differences in various populations may also be the result of circumstances rather than genetic makeup. Factors such as climate, diet, health care, education, and employment as well as other socioeconomic factors are all influential. However, there are some traits which are genetic; for example, there is a much higher incidence of sickle-cell anemia among black populations than any other population group. Adult African-Americans and Latinos have twice as many cases of diabetes than Caucasians. In the U.S., Latinos suffer more deaths from liver disease than other races. Europeans suffer more from heart disease and cancer.

Genes not only affect our susceptibility to disease, they also affect our physical attributes. The Dinka people from the Sudan are considered to be the tallest people with men having an average height of 6ft 3in., while women hit the big time with an impressive 5ft 3in. This contrasts sharply with the Pygmy tribes who get the short end of the stick at only about 4ft 11in.tall. Genetic differences may help us to tailor health services to people of different races or to detect life threatening diseases early. However, they are not significant enough to support the claim that one race is superior toanother. In fact, our modern scientific understanding of human genetic diversity flies in the face of almost all our social stereotypes

What is the author saying in the last paragraph?