Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 35 to 42.

  The concept of being environmentally conscious, or “green,” has become more prevalent in twenty first-century U.S. culture. It has begun to affect the manufacturing of everything from non-toxic household cleaning products to motor vehicles powered by alternative sources of energy. However, one way of being “green” that is perhaps not as apparent to the viewer but of equal importance in being environmentally conscious, is the construction of buildings that are considered “sustainable.” Sustainable buildings are those that do not impose on the environment or rely on the over-utilization of energy or natural resources. There are four main principles of sustainability, which include consideration of the health and stability of all living things and their environmental diversity, as well as the economic opportunities of humanity.

  Sustainable architecture consists of environmentally conscious design techniques. In the past, the demolition of an old building meant that all or most of the debris of the building would end up in a landfill or a waste disposal site. Today, architects can plan and design a building that uses recycled materials, such as wood, concrete, stone, or metal. These materials are salvaged from the demolition of an older building and can be appropriately incorporated into a new construction. Architects and construction supervisors may also choose to recycle more organic parts of demolished buildings, such as wooden doors, windows and other glass, ceramics, paper, and textiles.

  A problem that has often arisen has been with how a site crew-whether it is demolition or construction crew determines and sorts what is “waste” and what is recyclable. Architects and environmental scientists have to decide whether or not a material is appropriate for use in new construction and how it will impact the environment. They must evaluate the materials from the demolition and determine what those materials contain, and if they meet the standards set by the U.S. government’s Environmental Protection Agency (the EPA). If the debris from the demolition contains hazardous materials that are harmful to the environment or to the consumer, such as asbestos, then the material is not salvageable. Use of asbestos for insulation and as a form of fire retardation in buildings and fabrics was common in the nineteenth century. Asbestos was once used in shingles on the sides of old buildings, as well as in the insulation in the interior walls of homes or other construction. In new “green” construction, insulation that was once asbestos-based can be replaced with recycled denim or constructed with cellulose-a fibrous material found in paper products. The same assessment applies to wood or wallboard painted with toxic lead-based paints. In addition, gas-flow regulators and meters on both water and gas heating systems constructed prior to 1961 must be carefully evaluated to determine that they do not contain dangerous substances such as mercury. Mercury can be harmful to humans and the environment if it is spilled during the removal of these devices.

According to paragraph 2, environmentally conscious design incorporates _____________ .

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.

That is the instance where big, obvious non-verbal signals are appropriate.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 28 to 34.

  Although speech is the most advanced form of communication, there are many ways of communicating without using speech. Signals, signs, symbols, and gestures may be found in every known culture. The basic function of signal is to impinge upon the environment in such a way that it attracts attention, for example, the dots and dashes of a telegraph circuit. Coded to refer to speech, the potential for communication is really great. Less adaptable to the codification of words, signs also contain meaning in and of themselves. A stop sign or barber pole conveys meaning quickly and conveniently. Symbols are more difficult to describe than either signals or signs because of their intricate relationship with the receiver’s cultural perceptions. In some culture, applauding in a theater provides performers with an auditory’ symbol of approval. Gestures such as waving and handshaking also convey certain cultural messages.

  Although signals, signs, symbols, and gestures are very useful, they do have a major disadvantage. They usually do not allow ideas to be shared without the sender being directly adjacent to the receiver. As a result, means of communication intended to be used for long distances and extended periods are based upon speech. Radio, television, and the telephone are only a few.

The phrase “impinge upon’’ in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to _____________

Mark the letter A, B, c, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions.

A 1971 U.S. (A) government policy not only put warnings on cigarette (B) packs but also (C) banning television (D) advertising of cigarettes.

Mark the letter A, B, c, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions.

Sugars (A) like glucose (B) is (C) made (D) up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 28 to 34.

  Although speech is the most advanced form of communication, there are many ways of communicating without using speech. Signals, signs, symbols, and gestures may be found in every known culture. The basic function of signal is to impinge upon the environment in such a way that it attracts attention, for example, the dots and dashes of a telegraph circuit. Coded to refer to speech, the potential for communication is really great. Less adaptable to the codification of words, signs also contain meaning in and of themselves. A stop sign or barber pole conveys meaning quickly and conveniently. Symbols are more difficult to describe than either signals or signs because of their intricate relationship with the receiver’s cultural perceptions. In some culture, applauding in a theater provides performers with an auditory’ symbol of approval. Gestures such as waving and handshaking also convey certain cultural messages.

  Although signals, signs, symbols, and gestures are very useful, they do have a major disadvantage. They usually do not allow ideas to be shared without the sender being directly adjacent to the receiver. As a result, means of communication intended to be used for long distances and extended periods are based upon speech. Radio, television, and the telephone are only a few.

All of the following are true EXCEPT _____________ .

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

A large number of inventions and discoveries have been _____________ accident.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the following questions.

Alex doesn’t find it difficult to get up early in the morning.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

Students will not be allowed into the exam room if they _____________ their student cards.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 35 to 42.

  The concept of being environmentally conscious, or “green,” has become more prevalent in twenty first-century U.S. culture. It has begun to affect the manufacturing of everything from non-toxic household cleaning products to motor vehicles powered by alternative sources of energy. However, one way of being “green” that is perhaps not as apparent to the viewer but of equal importance in being environmentally conscious, is the construction of buildings that are considered “sustainable.” Sustainable buildings are those that do not impose on the environment or rely on the over-utilization of energy or natural resources. There are four main principles of sustainability, which include consideration of the health and stability of all living things and their environmental diversity, as well as the economic opportunities of humanity.

  Sustainable architecture consists of environmentally conscious design techniques. In the past, the demolition of an old building meant that all or most of the debris of the building would end up in a landfill or a waste disposal site. Today, architects can plan and design a building that uses recycled materials, such as wood, concrete, stone, or metal. These materials are salvaged from the demolition of an older building and can be appropriately incorporated into a new construction. Architects and construction supervisors may also choose to recycle more organic parts of demolished buildings, such as wooden doors, windows and other glass, ceramics, paper, and textiles.

  A problem that has often arisen has been with how a site crew-whether it is demolition or construction crew determines and sorts what is “waste” and what is recyclable. Architects and environmental scientists have to decide whether or not a material is appropriate for use in new construction and how it will impact the environment. They must evaluate the materials from the demolition and determine what those materials contain, and if they meet the standards set by the U.S. government’s Environmental Protection Agency (the EPA). If the debris from the demolition contains hazardous materials that are harmful to the environment or to the consumer, such as asbestos, then the material is not salvageable. Use of asbestos for insulation and as a form of fire retardation in buildings and fabrics was common in the nineteenth century. Asbestos was once used in shingles on the sides of old buildings, as well as in the insulation in the interior walls of homes or other construction. In new “green” construction, insulation that was once asbestos-based can be replaced with recycled denim or constructed with cellulose-a fibrous material found in paper products. The same assessment applies to wood or wallboard painted with toxic lead-based paints. In addition, gas-flow regulators and meters on both water and gas heating systems constructed prior to 1961 must be carefully evaluated to determine that they do not contain dangerous substances such as mercury. Mercury can be harmful to humans and the environment if it is spilled during the removal of these devices.

The word “prevalent” in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to _____________ .

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions.

  Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that best completes each of the following exchanges.

- Customer: “Can I have a look at that shirt, please?” - Salesgirl: “ _____________ ”

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.

My close friend, Trang, always helps me when I am in need.

Mark the letter A, B, c, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that best combines each pair of sentences in the following questions.

Most of the classmates couldn’t come. He invited them to the birthday party.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 23 to 27. Fill in the appropriate word in question 27  

Without transportation, our modem society could not (23) _____________. We would have no metal, no coal and no oil nor would we have any (24 _____________ made from these materials. (25) _____________, we would have to spend most of our time raising food and food would be limited to the kinds that could grow in the climate and soil of our neighborhood.

  Transportation also affects our lives in other ways. Transportation can speed a doctor to the side of a sick person, even if the patients’ lives on an isolated farm. It can take police to the scene of a crime within a moment of being noticed. Transportation (26)____________teams of athletes to compete in national and international sports contests. In time of (27) _____________transportation can rush aid to persons in areas stricken by floods, families and earthquakes.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

Nam has finally found a new job after being _____________ for several months.