2. The word “premature” in line 4 can be replaced by “__________”.

Read the passage and choose the correct answer to each of the following questions.

The duration of human life, or longevity, is influenced by genetics, the environment, and lifestyle. Environmental improvements beginning in the 1900s extended the average lifespan dramatically with significant improvements in the availability of food and clean water, better housing and living conditions, reduced exposure to infectious diseases, and access to medical care. Most significant were public health advances that reduced premature death by decreasing the risk of infant mortality, increasing the chances of surviving childhood, and avoiding infection and communicable disease.

Scientists are studying people in their nineties (called nonagenarians) and hundreds (called centenarians, including semi-supercentenarians of ages 105-109 years and supercentenarians, ages 110+) to determine what contributes to their long Ilves. They have found that long-lived individuals have little in common with one another In education, income, or profession. The similarities they do share, however, reflect their lifestyles— many are nonsmokers, are not obese, and cope well with stress. Also, most are women. Because of their healthy habits, these older adults are less likely to develop age-related chronic diseases, such as high blood pressure, heart disease, cancer, and diabetes, than their same-age peers.

The siblings and children of long-lived individuals are more likely to remain healthy longer and to live to an older age than their peers. People with centenarian parents are less likely at age 70 to have the age-related diseases that are common among older adults. The brothers and sisters of centenarians typically have long lives, and if they develop age-related, these diseases appear later than the general population. Longer lifespans tend to run in families, which suggests that shared genetics, lifestyle, or both play an important role in determining longevity.

(Genetics Home Reference)

1. According to the passage, which of the following factor does NOT affect the extension of lifespan?

Read the passage and choose the best option to fill each blank.

The concept of a smart city (1) __________from state to state and country to country but its basic structure is to ensure that the city provides core infrastructure and give a decent quality of life to its citizens. The elements of a smart city are assured water and (2) __________supply, sanitation and solid waste management, public transport, robust IT connectivity, safety and security of citizens, efficient energy and green building, smart parking, intelligent traffic management system. The ideal city of the future (3) __________wireless connectivity with the traditional concepts of community and shared space. States will play a key supportive role in the development of Smart Cities by providing smart leadership and ability to act (4) __________. Citizen participation in deploying smart solutions, implementing reforms, doing more with less, oversight during implementing and designing post-project structures will contribute to (5) __________development.

Further education courses providing by colleges and universities may be full-time or part-time.

Warning about the bad effects of emissions, factories applied technology to purify them before discharging.

The cashier says that if your bill exceeded $100, you would get 15% discount on your next purchase.

The wall surrounds the citadel is six metres high and two-and-a-half kilometres long.

Scientists say if humans do not stop throwing rubbish into rivers, flood would occur.

It is said that 99 percent of all species that ever lived have been going extinct.

_________by an experienced educational expert, I decided to register for a Master of Finance course in France.

If you are concerned that your friend has a mental health issue, _________her to take up some forms of treatments such as meditation or natural remedies.

The United Kingdom_________of England, Scotland and Ireland is home to 31 cultural and natural heritage sites.

Pessimistic people hardly see others’ good qualities, _________?

There is a controversy regarding whether very young learners at_________should be taught a foreign language.

Police blame higher crime rates on_________parents who allow their teenage children to stay out all night.

Because of its nice weather and good quality of life, Da Nang is considered the most_________city in Vietnam.

It is_________who suffer higher pollution levels.

Research has showed that sixty-year-old men who still smoke have a_________of less than 12 years.

Choose the best option to complete each of the following sentences.

 Some teachers believe that creating a(n)_________ environment helps students learn better.