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Read the passage below and choose the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each question from 18 to 22.

What’s the problem with British teenagers? Many British newspapers and TV programmes are asking this question at the moment. A lot of people are saying that there are problems with teenagers at school, on the streets and in their homes. Why? What, or who, is responsible for these problems? A recent BBC television series explores these questions. It's called 'The world's strictest parents'. Is that because British parents are very strict? Just the opposite, it seems. The director of the programme, Andrea Wiseman, explains why they are making it. She thinks that in the United Kingdom teenagers pay no attention to adults. They don't want to do well at school. They think they can do what they like and they are only interested in new fashions and Hollywood celebrities. Why are British teenagers like this? Wiseman says it's because their parents give their children everything they can. But they give their children no limits, no rules, no discipline because they want their children to be 'free'. They don't tell their children to work hard because they don't want their kids to have any stress. The problem with this is that parents give their sons and daughters no cultural values. When a teenager does something bad and their parents say something, the teenagers immediately say: 'My parents are really strict’ or 'My parents aren't fair'. So what happens in the TV programme? Some problematic British teenagers go and live with parents in different parts of the world. They live with families that believe in traditional discipline and cultural values. In Ghana, Jamaica, Botswana and the Southern US state of Alabama, the teenagers have the experience of living with parents who want and expect good behaviour and hard work. The results are interesting. In the end, the British teenagers seem to prefer having strict parents!

Which of the following is not TRUE about British teenagers according to Wiseman?

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 29 to 35.

Because writing has become so important in our culture, we sometimes think of it as more real than speech. A little thought, however, will show why speech is primary and writing secondary to language. Human beings have been writing (as far as we can tell from surviving evidence) for at least 5000 years; but they have been talking for much longer, doubtless ever since there have been human beings.

When writing did develop, it was derived from and represented speech, although imperfectly. Even today there are spoken languages that have no written form. Furthermore, we all learn to talk well before we learn to write; any human child who is not severely handicapped physically or mentally will learn to talk: a normal human being cannot be prevented from doing so. On the other hand, it takes a special effort to learn to write. In the past many intelligent and useful members of society did not acquire the skill, and even today many who speak languages with writing systems never learn to read or write, while some who learn the rudiments of those skills do so only imperfectly.

To affirm the primacy of speech over writing is not, however, to disparage the latter. One advantage writing has over speech is that it is more permanent and makes possible the records that any civilization must have. Thus, if speaking makes us human, writing makes us civilized.

We sometimes think of writing as more real than speech because ______.