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Alexis de Tocqueville, the French political scientist, historian, philosopher and politician, is most famous for a four-volume book he wrote called “Democracy in America”. He came to America in 1831 to study the American form of democracy and what it might mean to the rest of the world. After a visit of only nine months, he wrote a remarkable book which is regarded as a classic. De Tocqueville had unusual powers of observation. He described not only the democratic system of government and how it operated, but also its effect on how Americans think, feel, and act. Many scholars believe he had a deeper understanding of traditional American beliefs and values than anyone else who has written about the United States. What is so remarkable is that many of these traits which he observed nearly 200 years ago, are still visible and meaningful today. His observations are also important because the timing of his visit, the 1830s, was before America was industrialized. This was the era of the small farmer, the small businessman, and the settling of the western frontier. It was the period of history when the traditional values of the new country were newly established. In just a generation, some 40 years since the adoption of the U.S. Constitution, the new form of government had already produced a society of people with unique values. He was, however, a neutral observer and saw both the good and bad sides of these qualities.

The first part of “Democracy in America” was written in 1831-32 and published in 1835. A highly positive and optimistic account of American government and society, the book was very well received. He attempted to get a glimpse of the essence of American society, all the while promoting his own philosophy: the equaling of the classes and the inevitable depth of aristocratic privilege. The rest of the book he labored on for four years, and in 1840 the second part was published. This was substantially more pessimistic than the first, warning of the dangers despotism and governmental centralization, and applying his ideas and criticisms more directly to France. As a result, it was not received as well as the first part, except in England where it was acclaimed highly.

Question:The word “unique” in the passage is closest in meaning to

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She has always had a good relationship with the children.

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The players were cheered by their_________as they came out of the pitch.

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We had planned to walk right round the lake, but the heavy rain made this impossible.

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Though many scientific breakthroughs have resulted from mishaps, it has taken brilliant thinkers to recognize their potential.

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It was_________that we decided to stay indoors.

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Although one of his ships succeeded in sailing all the way back to Spain through the Cape of Good Hope, Magellan never completed the first circumnavigation of the world, and______

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Alison bought the big house because she wanted to open a hotel.

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_________Freud and Max were motivated primarily by compassionate concern for suffering humanity is elaborated upon in Fromm’s biology.

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Far from rejecting my offer, he accepted it gladly.

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She passed the university entrance exam_________made her parents proud.

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It is interested to compare the early stylized art forms of ancient ivilizations with the modern abstract forms of art.

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The people of Western Canada have been considering_________themselves from the rest of the provinces.

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The families were told to evacuate their houses immediately_________.

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I don’t agree with prohibiting smoking in bars.